Kodi munayamba mwalingalira za kukongola kwa dziko lathu kuti tifunikire osati pamwamba, koma pansi pake? Ndipo sizongokhala manda osadziwika a aharahara ndi mizinda yonse ya pansi pa nthaka.
Zina mwa zochitika zapulaneti lathuli ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuti asayansi ambiri amadabwa ndi mmene anthu akale ankakhalira okongola ngati amenewo. Kodi mwakonzeka kupita kudziko lapansi? Kodi mwakonzeka kuona umboni wakuti dziko lathu ndi lokongola?
1. Mabala a Lungyu
Amatchedwanso "mapanga a chinjoka choyandama". Iwo anapezedwa ndi a Chitchaina mu 1992 panthawi ya ntchito zoyeretsa m'madzi amadzi. Chotsatira chake, madzi onse anaponyedwa kunja, omwe adawonetsetsanso khomo la zokongola izi. Groytoes ya Lunyu ndi mapanga 36, omwe ali ndi zaka zopitirira 2,000. Ndipo malo ambiri a chipinda chilichonse amakhala oposa 1,000 m2. Pakadali pano, mapanga asanu ali otsegulidwa kwa alendo. Komanso, amakhala ndi miyambo yosiyana, kupanga masewera a nyimbo.
2. Puerto Princess
Mtsinje wautali kwambiri wotsika pansi padziko lapansi (makilomita 8), womwe uli ku Philippines pansi pa chilumba cha Palawan. Mtsinje wa Mtsinje umaletsedwa pano, koma mabwato amaloledwa 1.3 km mu kuya kwa phanga. M'malo mwake alendo onse ali ndi mwayi wokonda stalactites ndi stalagmites. Mwa njira, phanga lomwe pansi pa dziko la Puerto Princess likuyenda, ndilo lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi (kutalika kwa dome ndi mamita 65 ndi m'lifupi ndi 140 mamita).
3. Madera a Ozarka
Malo Ozark State ku Missouri ali ndi mapanga ambiri odabwitsa, kuphatikizapo Khomo la Ukwati, Phiri la Yakobo ndi Ozark. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo anafufuzidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1880, ndipo kuyambira mu 1930 pakiyo inayamba kulandira alendo. Mapanga onsewa ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osadabwitsa, ndipo mkati mwake mumatha kuona chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimatchedwa "Angelo" - kuchokera padenga ngati madzi akuyenda.
4. Bungwe la Greenbury
Panthawi ya Cold War, Purezidenti wamkulu wa United States, David Eisenhower, adafuna kuonetsetsa kuti, ngati nkhondo ya nyukiliya idzayambe, idzalamulira dzikoli pamalo abwino. Kotero, bwalo la "Greenbir" linamangidwa, lomwe, mwamwayi, silinali lothandiza. Masiku ano ndi zozizwitsa kwambiri kuyambira kale, zomwe zimakopa alendo ambirimbiri chaka chilichonse.
5. Minda ya pansi pa Forestier
Kukongola uku kuli ku California, USA. Ndipo adamulenga Balthasar Forestier yemwe anali mdziko la Sicilia, yemwe kuyambira 1906 mpaka 1946 anamanga nyumba ya pansi pamtunda ngati manda akale omwe akanatha kuwona kwawo. Simungakhulupirire, koma munthu wolimba mtima ali ndi zipangizo zaulimi omwe adakumba nyumba yokhala ndi 930 m2, chapente ndipo ngakhale mphamvu zake zinali zokwanira kuti asamadziwe pansi.
6. Mgodi wa Mchere wa Turda
Mu tawuni ya mafakitale ya Turda, pali chokopa chaching'ono koma chokongola kwambiri - chimbudzi chakale cha mchere, chomwe chinatchulidwa koyamba cha 1075. Iwo anafufuzidwa mu zaka za zana la 17 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo adakwanitsa kukayendera fakitale ya tchizi ndi banjali (panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse). Tsopano ndi paki yapansi, yomwe mulibe zokopa zokha, komanso golf, komanso malo omwe mungathe kusewera tenisi.
7. Mtsinje wa bombe
Dzina lodabwitsa bwanji! Malo okongola awa ali ku China, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Guilin. Phanga la buluu la Reed linatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mphukira za bango zomwe zikukula m'chigawochi, kumene anthu am'deralo ankapanga zitoliro. Linapangidwa pafupi zaka 180 miliyoni zapitazo. Kukongoletsa kwa nyumba zonse za phanga kunali kuwala kowala, chifukwa malo ano amakhala chinthu chokongola, zamatsenga.
8. Shkotjanske-Yam
Ili ndi dongosolo lonse la kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mapanga a miyala yamchere omwe ali kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Slovenia. Lero ndi malo otchuka kwambiri pophunzira njira za Karst. Pano pali oimira apadera a zomera ndi zinyama. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa chiyani Shkotsyanske-Yama ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe.
9. Coober Pedy
Ndi mzinda wachinsinsi womwe uli ku Australia. Kwenikweni, Cooper-Pedi imamasulira ngati "burrow wa woyera." Chovuta apa ndi malo omwe adadulidwa kudutsa m'mapiri. Kodi mukudziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'dera lino? Kotero uwu ndi manda komanso mpingo, womwe uli pansi pano.
10. Kachisi wamapanga a Dambulla
Kachisi wa Buddhist amajambula pathanthwe ku Sri Lanka. Mwa njira, ndi kachisi wamkulu wamapanga ku South Asia. Ichi ndi chovuta kwambiri chokhala ndi mapanga angapo, omwe ali pamtunda wa mamita 350. Pitani mkati, mudzayamika zithunzi zojambulapo ndi zithunzi zambiri.
11. Waitomo mapanga
Kukongola uku kuli ku New Zealand. Amadziŵika ndi ziwombankhanga zake, zomwe zimapanga zochitika zenizeni pa surreal. Mapanga awa mu 1887, Fred Mays wa ku England anatsegula. Nthawi ina mapanga amasiku ano adayendetsedwa ndi nyanja. Madzi adapanga pano matabwa achimake a maphunziro ndi grottos. Ndipo lero mkati mwake makoma onse ali ndi udzudzu Arachnocampa Luminosa, yomwe imatulutsa kuwala kobiriwira. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti ziwombankhanga m'mapanga a Waitomo zimakhala ndi njala. Ndipo njala imakhala ndi njala, kuwala kumatulutsa kuwala.
12. Cheyenne bunker
Kudera la Colorado, USA, ndilo limodzi mwa mabotolo otetezedwa kwambiri komanso osatheka kupezeka, omwe adalengedwa m'ma 1960 m'ma Cold War. Ili pamtunda wa mamita 600 pansi pa thanthwe. Anayenera kupirira nkhondo yowopsa ya nyukiliya ya Soviet Union yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana ma Meggatoni 30. Mavutowa ali ndi gwero la madzi akumwa, komanso magetsi.
13. Manda a West Norwood
Mu December 1837, manda a Norwood anaonekera ku London. Ndicho chikumbutso chapadera cha zomangamanga za Victorian. Apa pali 95 crypts, ndipo gawo lonse la manda liri ndi mahekitala 16. M'dziko la West Norwood, matupi a osungira mfuti ya Maxima, Sir Harem Maxim, injiniya Henry Bessemer, amene anali ndi zinthu zoposa 100 zapamwamba zamakono, James Greatight, womangamanga wa London subway, shuga magnate ndi woyambitsa wotchuka wotchuka Henry Tate, yemwe anayambitsa nkhani yotchedwa Baron Paul Julius Reuter Akazi a Isabella Biton, omwe amadziwika ndi anthu a Chingerezi monga mlembi wa "Bukhu lokhudza nyumba."
14. Mayakovskaya metro
Ku St. Petersburg mungathe kuona imodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri a metro. Anamangidwa mu 1935 monga Stalinist neo-classic, koma akatswiri akupanga kuti kukhalapo kwa mapepala apamwamba kumapatsa malowa zinthu zojambulajambula. Ndipo pansi pake imakongoletsedwa ndi miyala ya miyala ya marble, yoikidwa pamwala amilandu atatu (chikasu chachikasu, "nyemba" zofiira "ndi" azitona "sadahlo").
15. Poko Encantado
Ili ku Brazil ndipo imadziwikanso kuti Enchanted Well. Mkati mwa ndendeyi muli malo osungira mamita 36. Dzuŵa likamawomba, madzi ozizira amayamba kuwala ndi zozizwitsa zokongola, zomwe sizingatheke kuwoneka.
16. Njira za Ku-Chi
Chigawo cha Ku-chi, chomwe chili ku South Vietnam, chimatchedwa mudzi wamseri. Pano pali labyrinths ndi kutalika kwa 187 km. Anakhala zaka 15 akumba anthu amtunduwu mothandizidwa ndi njira zopindulitsa. Mbali imodzi ya mapangidwe amtunduwu omwe amapangidwa pa nkhondo ya United States motsutsana ndi Vietnam ikuphatikizapo zipata zambiri, malo osungiramo katundu komanso malo okhala, zipatala, khitchini, masewera a zida ndi malo olamulira.
17. Manda a Belzoni kapena Seti I
Inapezeka mu 1817 ndi katswiri wa mbiri yakale, Giovanni Belzoni. Zoona, zinapezeka kuti nthawi zakale zinkachezedwa ndi achifwamba. Chifukwa chake, sarcophagus idatseguka ndipo amayi a mfumu Seti adagwidwa, ndipo kenako mu 1881, anapezeka pa Deir el-Bahri. Makoma a manda awa akukongoletsedwa ndi hieroglyphs, zizindikiro zakuthambo. Ndipo kumapeto kwa makonzedwe, kulumikizana ndi maholo angapo a zizindikiro za Aigupto, pali zipata, zomwe mfumu imasonyezedwa mu zovala zankhondo zakuda ndi mikono, atakhala pa mpando wachifumu wa golidi.
18. Manda a Paris
Ili ndi dongosolo lonse la miyala ya pansi pa nthaka yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa makilomita 300, komwe kuyambira kumapeto kwa XVIII mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900 otsalira a anthu 6 miliyoni anabweretsedwa. Ngati mutasankha pa ulendo wopita kumapiri a Parisiya, dziwani kuti chowonetseratu sichiri cha mtima wokomoka.
19. Churchill bunker
Mofanana ndi Stalin, Churchill anali ndi nyumba yake yokhalamo, yomwe panopa ndi yosungirako zinthu zakale. Linamangidwa mu 1938. Ndipo panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse panali misonkhano ya abusa, omwe anali atolankhani olemba nkhani komanso olemba mabuku omwe ankakhala, kuyambira pomwe nkhani za BBC zinachitikira. Mwamwayi, bwaloli silinabwere.
20. Mudzi wamzinda wa Derinkuyu
Kuchokera ku Turkey amatembenuzidwa ngati "chakuya bwino". Awa ndi mzinda wakale, womwe uli pansi pa Turkey wamakono pafupi ndi mudzi wa Derinkuyu. Iyo inamangidwa mu II-I Zakachikwi BC, ndipo inapezeka mu 1963. Poyamba, mzinda uwu ukhoza kukhala nyumba ya anthu 20,000, kuphatikizapo ziweto zawo ndi chakudya. Pansi pansi Derinkuyu ili ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu (8), otsiriza omwe amatha kufika mamita 60. Asayansi samatsutsanabe ngati anthu akhala pano kosatha kapena, mwina, amagwiritsira ntchito malo osungirako pansi pokhapokha panthawi yozunza.
21. Khola la Makhiristo
Anapezeka ku Chihuahua, Mexico, ndipo ali pamtunda wa mamita 300. Phangali ndilopadera chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa makristar, ndi kukula kwake kwa ena kufika mamita 11 m'litali ndi mamita 4 m'lifupi. Zoona, mpaka pano sichinafufuzidwe mokwanira. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti phanga liri ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya wa +58 ° C.
22. hotela yapansi
Khulupirirani kapena ayi, koma ku Grand Canyon ndi hotela yaing'ono yomwe inamangidwa kuphanga, yomwe ili pafupi zaka 65 miliyoni. Chifukwa cha chinyezi cha zero palibe nthumwi za nyama, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina aganiza kuti azigona usiku m'chipinda chamapanga, sangadandaule za kupha nyama zakutchire.
23. Nyumba-im-Berg
Nyumba-im-Berg ndi phanga lomwe lili ndi matauni ambiri, omwe ankatha kukhala pothawirapo anthu ambiri panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Lero, chizindikiro cha Austria chimenechi chatsandulika usiku walubasi, womwe umakhala ndi alendo pafupifupi 1,000.
24. Zipinda za Edinburgh
Kwa zaka 30 akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nyumba zapanyumba, malo ogwirira ntchito osindikizira, ochita malonda osiyanasiyana, komanso malo osungirako zinthu. M'zaka za m'ma 1820, malowa adakhala kunyumba kwa anthu ambirimbiri opanda pokhala. Kumeneko anthu achigawenga anali kubisala, malo osokoneza bongo analibe malo komwe, malinga ndi zabodza, opha anthu ambiri anabisa matupi awo. Monga momwe zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchitoyi zakhalira, pofika m'ma 1860 onse anachotsedwa. Ndipo mu 1985, zonsezi anazipeza pofufuza.
25. Manda a Emperor Qin Shihuandi
Ichi ndicho chodabwitsa kwambiri cha mausoleum padziko lapansi, chomwe chinamangidwa chomwe chinatenga zaka 40. Pa chilengedwe chake, anthu 700,000 anagwira ntchito. Mausoleum omwewo ali odzaza ndi mafano a asilikali a terracotta. Lili ndi golide sarcophagus. Denga likukongoletsedwera ndi nyenyezi zakuthambo, ndipo mapu a ufumuwo amawoneka pansi. Kuno chuma cha mfumu chinabweretsedwa ndipo antchito zikwizikwi ndi mafumu apachibale anaikidwa m'manda ali amoyo.