Zima kwa ambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maholide osangalatsa. Ndipo ngati kwa Akhristu a Orthodox iyi ndi Chaka Chatsopano , Khirisimasi ndi Ubatizo , ndiye kwa Ayuda ndi phwando la Hanukkah. Ena amakhulupirira kuti uwu ndi Chaka chatsopano malinga ndi kalendala ya Chiyuda. Awa ndi malingaliro olakwika, ngakhale kuti zikhalidwe zina zakunja ziri zofananako, koma ili ndilo tchuthi losiyana kwambiri. Kodi Hanukkah amatanthauzanji?
Chikondwerero chachiyuda Hanukkah
Tiyeni tiyambe, ndithudi, ndi mbiri ya holide ya Hanukkah. Phwando la makandulo - chanukah - laperekedwa ku chozizwitsa chomwe chinachitika pakupatulira kwa kachisi wachiwiri wa Ayuda (pafupi 164 BC) atagonjetsa asilikali a Mfumu Antiochus. Mafuta, omwe ankafuna kuti awononge menorah (nyali ya pakachisi), adanyozedwa ndi adani. Ndinapeza mtsuko waung'ono wa mafuta okha, koma umangokhala kwa tsiku limodzi. Ndipo zinatenga masiku asanu ndi atatu kuti apange mafuta atsopano. Koma, komabe, izo zinatsimikiziridwa kuyatsa nyali ndi-o, chozizwitsa! - Anatentha masiku asanu ndi atatu, ndipo kachisi adayambanso utumiki. Ndiye ochenjerawo adaganiza kuti kuyambira lero, ndipo kuyambira pa 25 mwezi wa Kislev kwa masiku asanu ndi atatu, nyali zidzatsekedwa m'kachisi, pemphero lakuthokoza (Galel) liyenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo anthu masiku ano adzakhala osangalatsa. Pulogalamuyi inali kutchedwa "Hanukkah", kutanthauza kuyeretsedwa kapena kutsegulidwa. Pali funso lachilengedwe, koma kodi phwando la Hanukkah likuyamba liti nthawi yeniyeni? Patsikuli ilibe tsiku lokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2015 Hanukkah idzayamba pa December 6 ndipo idzakhala yomaliza, mpaka 14. Mu 2016, Hanukkah idzafika pa December 25 (kuyambira 17 mpaka 25), ndipo mu 2017 phwando lokongola la Hanukkah lidzakondwerera kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 13 December.
Zikondwerero za Holide ya Hanukkah
Zikondwerero zimayamba madzulo. Choyamba, nyumba zimayatsa Chanukia kapena Hanukkah Menorah - nyali yapadera, yokhala ndi makapu asanu ndi atatu, omwe amatsanulira mafuta a maolivi (kapena china chilichonse, chimene chimatentha ngati moto). Mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito makandulo. Mwambo wokakamiza inu mwachiyero umawoneka bwino. Iyo imayikidwa pamalo otchuka (osachepera 24 masentimita ndi osachepera 80 cm kuchokera pansi) m'nyumba yomwe amakhala mokhazikika ndi m'chipinda chomwe amadya. Kuunikira, makandulo osiyana a sera amagwiritsidwa ntchito - shamash. Yambani kuyatsa nyale itadutsa dzuwa (zina zimasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa nyenyezi yoyamba), ponena za madalitso. Ngati sizinali panthawiyi kuti enyuya ayambe kuyatsa, ndiye kuti ikhoza kuwotchedwa mpaka mamembala onse a m'banja atagona, komanso akudalitsa. Ngati banja lanu likugona kale, wanuyilekia akuwotchedwa, osati odala. Iyenera kutentha pafupifupi theka la ola nyenyezi zitangotuluka. Patsiku loyamba, kandulo imodzi imayatsa (kawirikawiri kumanja), tsiku lotsatira makandulo awiri amatha (poyamba kandulo yatsopano kumanzere kwa dzulo, ndiyeno dzulo) ndipo kotero tsiku lililonse, kuwonjezera kandulo imodzi, kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja mpaka Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu, makandulo onse asanu ndi atatu sadzatentha. Munthu yekha amakawotcha Hanukkah ndi shamash okha. N'zosatheka kuyatsa moto umodzi wa Hanukkah kuchokera ku mzake, kuti uwuluke kuchokera ku shamashi ya moto ya Hanukkah!
Panthawi ya Hanukkah - phwando losangalatsa ndi losangalatsa - zikondwerero zambiri ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe zikuchitika. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyimbo zomwe zimachita chikondwererochi. M'masiku a Hanukkah mukhoza kugwira ntchito, koma osati pamene nyali yayamba. Chikhalidwe china cha Hanukka ndi kupereka ana (mosasamala za zaka) ndalama ndi mphatso. Ndalama zomwe amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito, koma kwenikweni gawo lina liyenera kuperekedwa kwa chikondi.