Mbeu ya tsabola, momwe ungakulire panyumba - malamulo odzala

Kodi mbeu ya tsabola iyenera kusinthidwa kuchokera kumbewu, momwe ingakulire pakhomo ndi malamulo a unamwino - mafunso omwe ali osangalatsa kwa wamaluwa osamalira. Pofuna kubzala bwino ndikukhazikika pansi, nkofunika kubzala mbewu nthawi ndi kuzichita mogwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo.

Mbande za tsabola kunyumba

Musanayambe kubzala mbeu, muyenera kukonzekera, ndipo choyamba musankhe nthaka yabwino. Malangizo a momwe mungamere bwino mbande za tsabola amasonyeza kuti mungagwiritse ntchito gawo la sitolo powonjezera mchenga wochapa komanso wosasunthika kwa chiwerengero cha 0.5: 3. Njira ina ndikupanga kusakaniza ndi manja anu. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani magawo awiri a humus ndi peat, ndi kuwonjezera mchenga. Sakanizani chirichonse, nadzatsuka ndikuwotcha kwa ola limodzi mu uvuni.

Kodi kudzala tsabola pa mbande?

Ngati chomeracho chidzasinthidwira kumunda, ndiye kuti nthawi yabwino yofesa ndi ya 20 February, koma ngati zosiyana ndi zoyambirira, ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March. Mawu awa a kubzala tsabola pa mbande ndi ofunikira pakati pa gulu. Ngati mukukonzekera kulima chikhalidwe cha ndiwo zamasamba mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye chimango sichiri chapadera, chifukwa zikhalidwe ndi zabwino kuti zikule nthawi iliyonse.

Kukonzekera kwa tsabola mbewu za kubzala pa mbande

Pali njira zambiri zokonzekera zokolola ndipo zikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipite kudera lotsatira:

1. Kulimbitsa. Mbewu za sitolo, siteji iyi siidakali, ndipo zomwe munadzipeza nokha, mudzaze galasi ndi madzi, kuwonjezera pa 1 h. Supuni ya mchere. Sakanizani ndi zomwe zidzatuluke, chotsani. Ena ayese.
2. Disinfection. Kusakaniza tsabola mbeu asanafesedwe pa mbande kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yovomerezekayi. Azidzaza ndi potsekemera chakuda cha potaziyamu permanganate ndikuchoka kwa theka la ora.
3. Akuwomba. Pambuyo pake, ikani zokolola pa nsalu yonyowa kapena phokoso la thonje kuti liphuphuke.
4. Kuwopsya. Mbeu yokonzekera, ikani mkanjo wothira ndi kuwatumiza kwa masiku awiri mufiriji.

Kodi ndi bwino bwanji kubzala tsabola pa mbande?

Pali langizo losavuta momwe mungamere bwino ndikukula tsabola:

1. Mu chidebe chokonzekera, tsanulirani osakaniza osankhidwa ndi pang'ono za izo. Kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pamphepete mwa mphutsi ayenera kukhala 2 cm.
2. Kubzala mbewu za tsabola mu mbande zimapangidwa ndi zofiira. Kufalitsa mbewu kuchokera ku masitepe a 1.5-2 masentimita.
3. Lembani ndi nthaka, koma kusanjikiza sikuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa centimita imodzi. Pepa pang'ono ndikutsanulira pang'onopang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito nebulizer. Pamwamba pa galasi kapena kukulunga chidebe mu thumba kuti mupange wowonjezera kutentha. Kutentha kumafunika kukhala 25 ° C.
4. Yang'anani nthaka yovunda. Pofotokoza zomwe ziyenera kukhala nyemba zazikulu za tsabola, kukula ndi kubzala, ziyenera kuwonetsa kuti patatha mlungu umodzi payenera kukhala mphukira ndipo pambuyo pake chidebecho chiyenera kusunthira kumalo komwe kuli kuwala ndipo kutentha kuli pafupi 16 ° С. Phukusilo likhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kuthiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kusamalira mbande za tsabola zitatha

Pali zinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwa mbande zomwe zimayenera kuganiziridwa kuti zikule zomera zabwino:

1. Tsabola, omwe proklyututsya mochedwa, ndi bwino kutulutsa kunja, chifukwa iwo adzakhala ofooka.
2. Kusamalira mbande za tsabola kumatanthauza kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa kutentha. Nkofunika kuti zizindikiro zisagwe pansi pa 12 ° C, mwinamwake mbewuzo zidzafa. Musati muike zitsulo pa chinachake chozizira.
3. Onetsetsani kumwa madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri ndi kuthirira iyo ngati iuma. Simungathe kudzaza chomeracho.
4. Kukula mmera wabwino amafunikira kuunika. Ngati sikokwanira, mbande zidzatambasula. Tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala maola 9-10.
5. Masiku 14 musanabzala m'munda, mbande ziyenera kuumitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, choyamba mutsegule zenera maola angapo m'chipinda chimene mulimo, ndipo pitirizani nthawi kuti zitsulo zikhale zatsopano.
6. Njira yofunika ndi kupachika (pamwamba pa 4-6 internodes). Chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu ndi masitepe ndi mazira oyambirira a paprika. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale ndondomekoyi pa nthawi yokula kwambiri ya mbande.

Kodi kudyetsa mbande tsabola?

Mu malamulo a chisamaliro, feteleza za nthaka ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndipo ndondomekoyi imachitika katatu pa nthawi yonse ya kulima. Malangizo a momwe angasamalire nyemba za tsabola, momwe angalimbikitsire izo mwamphamvu, zanenedwa kuti:

1. Nthawi yoyamba muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza mu masabata angapo, masamba 3-4 atapangidwa. Zomera zimafuna nayitrogeni, kotero mu 10 malita a madzi, kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. supuni ya urea.
2. Chovala chachiwiri cha mbande za tsabola kunyumba sichiri chovomerezeka, ndipo amachigwiritsa ntchito patatha masabata 2-3 pambuyo pake. Feteleza ndi chimodzimodzi.
3. Masiku anayi isanafike, feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza, yomwe imapezeka 10 malita a madzi kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. ndi supuni ya urea komanso superphosphate .

Kodi mungasankhe tsabola pa mbande?

Kukula zomera zamphamvu popanda njirayi ndi zovuta, ndikuthamangira tchire pambuyo popanga mapepala enieni. Nthaŵi zambiri, izi zimachitika patatha mwezi umodzi. Kupaka nyemba za tsabola kumachitika mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Ola limodzi lisanayambe, muyenera kumwa bwino. Madzi ayenera kuthirizidwa ndi nthaka yomwe mbeu idzasinthidwe.
2. Pamene madzi akumwa, dzenje. Pambuyo pake, pang'anani mofatsa chomera kuti mutha kuvulaza.
3. Kukula tchire wathanzi, kuwapititsa ku masamba a cotyledonous. Gwetsani pansi.
4. Mu chidebecho chiyenera kuikidwa pa zidutswa ziwiri. Thirani tsabola ndikuyika mbande pawindo. Tetezani ku dzuwa.

Matenda a mbande za tsabola

Ngati ndi zolakwika kukula ndi kusamalira mbewu, ndiye kuti zimadwala. Mavuto ambiri ndi awa:

1. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kumazindikira ngati muzuwo unawonongeka panthawi yopatsirizika kapena ngati mbewu siidyetsedwa mokwanira.
2. Matenda a fungal, ali pa mndandanda wa matenda akuluakulu ndi tizirombo ta mbande tsabola, timayamba kutuluka kapena kutuluka ndi bowa. Vuto likhoza kuwuka pamene kufesa kwakukulu. Onetsetsani kutentha ndi chinyezi cha pansi. Ngati matendawa atangoyamba kukula, nthaka idzamasula ndi kuwaza ndi mchenga wotentha.
3. Mabala a bakiteriya wakuda amaoneka pa tsinde ndi masamba. Ikhoza kudziwika ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda, omwe amachulukitsa kukula kwake, ndipo chifukwa chake, zimamera zidzamwalira. Polimbana ndi vutoli, chotsani mbande za matenda, ndi kuthira mankhwala m'nthaka.
4. Ngati mbande zataya masamba ndikutha, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kukhala matenda a fungal. Tsabola zoyipa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo ena amachiritsidwa ndi bakiteriya.
5. Matenda a chiwindi amachitika ngati, pakukula, chomeracho sichili madzi okwanira, ndipo panalibe kuwala. Ganizirani tchire ndi mankhwala.