Akuluakulu, akulowerera m'mabvuto a tsiku ndi tsiku, asiye kumvetsera dziko lonse lapansi, pamene ana amakondwera tsiku ndi tsiku ndi makhalidwe ake. Ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani? Ndipo kotero ndikofunikira? Ndi zokhazo zomwe sizikukhudzidwa ndizing'ono izi! Ndipo ngati muvala maonekedwe a amayi kapena abambo, mutha kumva funsoli: "N'chifukwa chiyani masamba akuyamba kukhala achikasu?" Monga funso lokha silovuta, ndilo limodzi mwa zizindikiro za autumn , koma izi zikutanthauza mndandanda wa Zowonjezera, zomwe ziyenera kuyankhidwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi zomveka. Chabwino, tiyeni tiyesere kuchita zimenezo!
Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani masamba amasanduka achikasu?
M'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe pa tsamba lililonse la pigment chlorophyll limakhala, lomwe liri ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Ndiyambiri ya chlorophyll yomwe imapangitsa kuti mitengo ikhale yobiriwira. Mtengo uwu umafunika mtengo osati wokongola, koma chakudya chokoma, chifukwa klorophyll ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti madzi asanduke zakudya. Choncho, chifukwa cha mtundu wake wobiriwira, nyengo imakula ndikukula. Koma pakubwera nyengo pamene chilengedwe chimakonzekera nyengo yozizira, pamene ntchito yake yofunikira imayimitsidwa, masamba akamasanduka chikasu - izi zimachitika m'dzinja. Masamba akutenga madzi pang'ono, klorophyll imawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zomera zimataya mtundu wawo wobiriwira. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chlorophyll imangowonongeka kwambiri ndi dzuwa, choncho nthawi yomwe masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu mu kugwa sikuchitika nthawi yomweyo. M'nyengo youma, m'dzinja yoyera, masamba amasintha mtundu mofulumira, ndipo mvula yamvula imakhalabe yobiriwira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndipo nchifukwa chiyani awo achikasu, ndi ofiirawo?
Mwana wakhanda amafunsanso chifukwa chake masamba ena amasanduka achikasu, ena amakhala ofiira, ndipo ena amatembenukira ku bulauni. Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Chowonadi n'chakuti kuwonjezera pa chlorophyll, masamba a zomera ali ndi mitundu ina, koma chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira omwe sali owonekera. Pamene mtundu wa chlorophyll umatuluka, mitundu ina imawonekera:
- masamba a chikasu amatenga mtundu wawo chifukwa cha "ntchito" ya pigment xanthophyll;
- masamba a orange amavala zovala zawo za autumn, pamene pigment carotene imakhala yoonekera, yomwe, mwa njira, imadziwika kwa aliyense ndi mtundu wa lalanje wa kaloti;
- Masamba ofiira amapeza mtundu wosayembekezereka chifukwa cha zikopa Anthocyanins;
- Masamba ofiira - izi sizili mtundu wa utoto, koma mtundu wa makoma a khungu la tsambalo, umawonekera pamene mitundu ina yofiira ya utoto ilibe.
Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani masamba akugwa?
Ngati tilankhula za momwe masamba akugwera, ndiye kuti njirayi ndi yosavuta - m'dzinja, pamene masamba akutembenukira chikasu, maselo ochepa opatukana amaoneka pamunsi mwa tsamba, chomwe chimatchedwa cork layer. Pang'onopang'ono, gawoli limasiyanitsa pakati pa mtengo ndi tsamba. Amakhalabe kuyembekezera kuti mphepo iwombe ndipo pepala ili pansi. Pa ofesi yomwe ili m'malo mwachitetezo pamakhala khungu kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kofiira katetezedwe ka chitetezo, chomwe chimatanthauza kuti mtengowo ndi wopweteka kwambiri. Ngati mumadzifunsa kuti n'chifukwa chiyani masambawa amatembenuka ndi kugwa,