Nthawi zina, matenda osokoneza ubongo amasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zamkati. Khansa yoopsa ya kansa ndi imodzi mwa matenda omwe amabwera khansa. Chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwadzidzidzi komanso kuwonjezereka kofulumira, ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha imfa.
Khansa ya m'mimba - Mitundu
Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungasankhire matendawa. Malingana ndi zikhalidwe zake zamaganizo za chikhalidwe cha m'mimba mwagawidwa mu mitundu yotsatira ya khansa:
- zozizwitsa (tubular, papillary, mucinous adenocarcinoma);
- choyimira;
- kamphindi kakang'ono;
- maselo ophwanya;
- chithunzi;
- chosadetsedwa.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kukula, khansa ya m'mimba imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- polypoid;
- ululu;
- chodziwitso-chopanda;
- pang'ono zilonda.
Malingana ndi kusintha kwa mazira ozungulira, zilonda zam'mimba zingakhale:
- matumbo;
- kusokoneza;
- zosakaniza.
Kawirikawiri mtundu wa khansara (TNM) umaphatikizapo kusiyana kwa matenda malinga ndi zinthu zitatu:
- Gawo (T). Kulemera kumayesedwa pamtunda wa 0 mpaka 4.
- Kukhalapo kwa metastases mu maselo am'mimba (N). Ngati palibe, phindu la 0 lidayikidwa, chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri ndi chachitatu.
- Kutenga ndi metastases ya zida zakutali ndi ziwalo (M). 0 - ngati ali, 1 - pamene iwo sali.
Kansa m'mimba - zimayambitsa
Kutsimikizira ndendende chifukwa maselo ena amatha kusintha ndikukhala oipa mpaka atapambana. Zinthu zokhazokha zowonongeka zimadziŵika kuti chifuwa cha m'mimba chimapezeka kawirikawiri:
- kusuta;
- zizindikiro za chilengedwe;
- kusowa kwa ascorbic acid mu menyu;
- kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa;
- khansa ya m'mimba kuchokera kwa wachibale;
- kusintha kwa majini;
- chikhalidwe cha zakudya;
- matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Helicobacter pylori ;
- zochitika kale m'mimba;
- chotsitsika-chapakati cha reflux ;
- ululu;
- ziwalo zina zamakono m'madera oyandikana nawo;
- mapuloteni a mucous membrane.
Kansa m'mimba - zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadalira mtundu wake, malo amodzi omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire. Chithunzi cha kliniki chikugwirizana ndi siteji ya khansa ya m'mimba, pamene matendawa akuchulukirabe, zizindikiro zake zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko zimakhala zovuta kukayikira kukhalapo kwa chotupa chachikulu, choncho matendawa amapezeka kuti amawopsa kwambiri.
Kansa m'mimba - 1 siteji
Pakangoyamba kumene, chotupa choyipa sichimutsutsa mawonetseredwe enieni. Chifukwa cha kusalidwa kwawo kapena kupezeka kwathunthu, n'zovuta kudziwa khansa yapakhungu yoyamba - zizindikiro, zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda sizinayanjanitsidwe ndi chiphunzitso cha oncology. Amafanana ndi gastritis kapena chilonda, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zochitika zazing'ono zomwe zimayambitsa kudya kapena kusalongosoka mu zakudya.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mimba poyamba:
- kusokonezeka m'mimba;
- mphunzitsi;
- kukondwa;
- kumverera kwa chidzalo cha mmimba;
- mphamvu yokoka pamimba ;
- Sinthani zosankha zomwe mumakonda.
Khansa ya mmimba - 2 siteji
Pamene matendawa akukulirakulira, chithunzi chake chikukula, koma pakadali pano kakupitirirabe. Khansara ya m'mimba yofooka kwambiri imapezeka makamaka mwadzidzidzi. Izi zimachitika mukamafufuza kaye ziwalo za m'mimba kapena mutatha kulankhulana ndi gastroenterologist ndi kukayikira kwa pachilonda cha zilonda.
Zizindikiro zotheka za khansa ya m'mimba ya gawo lachiwiri:
- kuwonongeka kwa chilakolako;
- magazi ;
- zofooka zosadziwika ndi kutopa kwanthawi zonse;
- kusokonezeka kwa zinthu zina;
- kulemera kwa thupi;
- chisangalalo m'mimba;
- matenda opweteka.
Khansara ya m'mimba - siteji 3
Pogwiritsa ntchito matenda aakulu, pali zizindikiro zowonjezera zomwe zimalimbikitsa munthu kukaonana ndi gastroenterologist. Khansa ya m'mimba - zizindikiro ndi maonekedwe a chotupa pa magawo atatu a chitukuko:
- Kuvuta kumeza chakudya ndi zakumwa;
- kukhazikika kwa mtima;
- kusanza;
- ululu mmimba, ukhoza kupereka kumbuyo;
- kuchuluka kwa m'mimba;
- kupweteka;
- zovuta;
- chisokonezo chafupipafupi;
- mapangidwe olimba mu dzuwa plexus dera;
- low operability.
Khansara ya m'mimba - Gawo 4
Pachigawo chomaliza cha chitukuko, chithunzi cha kachipatala chikuwonekera pambuyo pa njira zowonongeka mu mucosal ndi kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba. Oncology m'mimba - zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za matendawa pamsana wa 4:
- khalani pansi pa mtundu wakuda;
- kusanza mobwerezabwereza ndi zopanda magazi, nthawizina masamba ali ofanana ndi malo a khofi;
- kupweteka kwa khungu;
- kutchulidwa ulesi, mpaka kutaya chidziwitso;
- kufooka kwakukulu.
Kawirikawiri zovuta zachulukidwe za m'mimba zimapezeka - zizindikiro zimaphatikizidwa ndi zilonda za ziwalo ndi ziphuphu, zomwe zimatulutsa mimba. Mawonedwe oterewa ndi awa:
- ululu m'matumbo, chikhodzodzo cha ndulu, impso;
- kupuma kovuta;
- Kulephera kumeza madzi kapena chakudya;
- kusokonezeka mu mtima;
- magazi mkati .
Momwe mungayang'anire mmimba mwa oncology?
Kuzindikira khunyu kumayambiriro koyamba ndi kosavuta, chifukwa nthawi zambiri anthu samapita kuchipatala kukayezetsa mankhwala. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya m'mimba sizimakhalapo kapena sizinali zofunikira, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa. Njira yodalirika yowunikira matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi gastroscopy, yomwe imapereka maonekedwe a mucous membrane ndi kuthekera kwa minofu yonyansa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, dokotala akhoza kupereka zotsatirazi:
- chiwerengero;
- mafilimu owonetsera masewerawa;
- kusanthula kwa oyendetsa;
- kufufuza kwa ultrasound.
Kuchiza kwa khansa ya m'mimba
Thandizo la matenda omwe ali mu funsoli limadalira pazomwe likuyendera komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Njira yayikulu yokhayo yothandizira ndi opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo kuchotseratu pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa gulu lovulala. Ngati metastases mu khansa ya m'mimba imakula mu malo am'mimba a pafupi ndi maselo amkati, amakhalanso osasamala. Njira zopanda opaleshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito asanayambe komanso pambuyo pochita opaleshoni kuti athetse vutoli ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo otsala.
Chemotherapy pa khansa yapakhungu
Njira yosankhidwa ya mankhwala imapezeka mu mitundu iwiri:
- Neoadjuvant. Chemotherapy imachitidwa opaleshoni isanakwane kuti kuchepetse kukula kwa chilonda ndi kuchepetsanso kusakanikirana kwake.
- Adjuvant. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti khansa ya m'mimba isayambirenso, ndipo maselo otsala omwe anasinthidwa anawonongedwa.
Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi radiotherapy, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito tsiku lomwelo komanso pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo. Ngati kupweteka kwapadera kwa mimba kunkachitidwa mwachipangizo, kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala apadera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira mavitamini kuti iwonetse moyo wa wodwalayo. Njirayi imathandiza kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa ululu, kuchepetsa kuyamwa, ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa munthu.
Khansa ya m'mimba - ntchito
Pali njira ziwiri zothandizira opaleshoni kuti zithetse matendawa. Opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mimba:
- Kuyanjana. Kuchotsa mbali yaikulu ya chiwalo chokhudzidwa ndi chotupa chachikulu. Kuchita opaleshoni kotereku kumakhala kosavuta, kosakwanira komanso kosawerengeka, malinga ndi dimba lomwe khansayo ikupita.
- Makhalidwe abwino. Kuchotsa chiwalo chonse. Mtundu uwu wa kugwiritsira ntchito ukuwonetsedweratu umasonyezedwa kumapeto kwa kukula kwa khansa. Ngati metastases alipo, ziwalo zomwe zimadwalitsidwa - ziwalo za m'mimba, mazira, mazira, chiwindi (pang'ono) ndi zina zimakhala zofanana.
Kudya ndi oncology m'mimba
Kukonzekera bwino zakudya kumathandiza kuti chizoloŵezi cha zakudya zakuthupi ndi kupititsa patsogolo ubwino. Ngakhale khansara ya m'mimba ikugwira ntchito, ndikofunika kumatsatira mndandanda wothandizira. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa metastases ndi kukula kwa zotupa, kupitiriza moyo pang'ono.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi mazira oncology a m'mimba sizimaphatikizapo:
- mowa;
- zakudya zokazinga ndi mafuta;
- chakudya chamchere;
- chakudya chamzitini;
- marinades;
- zonunkhira;
- bowa;
- sauces;
- mbale zowawa;
- vanillin;
- mafuta;
- khofi;
- mowa;
- tiyi wamphamvu;
- mankhwala okhala ndi dyes, zoteteza;
- chakudya chozizira kapena chotentha kwambiri.
Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito:
- nyemba zamphongo ndi zophika bwino;
- Zakudya za mchere ndi zamasamba zimakhala ndi zinthu zowonongeka;
- Nsomba zonenepa, nyama ndi nkhuku;
- Mkate woyera wa dzulo;
- batala (zochepa);
- kanyumba kakang'ono ka mafuta;
- mazira ophika otentha ndi mazira yaiwisi;
- kisels;
- omelettes;
- masamba okoma, zipatso, zipatso;
- mdima;
- zipatso za citrus;
- mabulosi atsopano;
- chomera;
- madzi amchere amchere popanda mpweya;
- zitsamba, tiyi wobiriwira.
Zakudyazi zimafuna malamulo angapo:
- Zigawo ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, ndi kudya chakudya - kawirikawiri, kangapo patsiku.
- Kutentha kwa mbale ndi pafupi madigiri 37.
- Chakudya chiyenera kupukuta kapena kuponderezedwa mwanjira ina, kufufuzidwa bwino.
- Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zatsopano.
- Mukhoza kuphika chakudya kapena kuphika kwa anthu awiri.
- Musamanyoze mchere, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa.
- Mafuta okhudzana ndi menyu ndi pafupifupi 30%, makamaka masamba.
Khansa ya m'mimba - kufotokozera
Muzinthu zamatsenga, zimakhala zosavuta kufufuza momwe chithandizo chilili ndi mwayi wochira mkati mwa zaka zisanu. Ambiri amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba zimadalira kuchuluka kwake komwe anapeza, mawonekedwe a matenda, zaka za wodwala ndi zina. Malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, zowonongeka ndi izi:
- Gawo 1 - 57-70%;
- Gawo lachiwiri - 33-45%;
- Gawo 3 - 10-20%;
- Gawo 4 - mpaka 5%.