Oedipus ndi Electra complexes kwa ana

Kulera mwana ndizovuta komanso nthawi yomweyo. Kungokhala makolo, tikhoza kubwereranso ku ubwana ndikupita ku masewera ochititsa chidwi. Komabe, kumanga ubale ndi munthu wamng'ono kumalonjeza zowonjezereka. Ndipo kwenikweni amakhala ndi malingaliro komanso amakhudza ubale wa anawo ndi makolo awo. Makamaka zimakhudza nthawi yomwe mwanayo akuyamba kuzindikira za chiwerewere. Ngati muli ndi mavuto ofanana, musafulumire kumva phokoso ndikuyang'ana zolakwika mu chitukuko cha mwanayo. Zina mwazo ndizoyimira zaka. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino ndi Electra ndi Oedipus complex.

Freud akuganiza za kugonana

Sigmund Freud, yemwe ndi wotchuka kwambiri wa maganizo, adapatsa dziko lapansi chiphunzitso chakuti munthu wobadwira ali ndi chiwerewere. Zotsatira za mawonetseredwe achilengedwe awa zingakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana za ubongo za ana. Malingana ndi Freud, chitukuko cha munthu chimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha kugonana. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana uku, chikhalidwe cha munthu, khalidwe lake, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana a maganizo kapena mavuto a moyo amapangidwa. Kukhalapo kwa mavuto osiyanasiyana pokhala wamkulu kapena kusakhalapo kumadalira pa masitepe a chitukuko cha kugonana. Pali 4 mwa iwo: oral, anal, phallic and genital. Tidzakambirana momveka bwino za phallic stage.

Pakati pa zaka 3 mpaka 6, zofuna za mwanayo zimayamba kupanga mazenera. Pa nthawiyi, ana ayamba kufufuza ziwalo zawo zogonana ndikufunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi kugonana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamakhala kusamvana kwaumunthu komwe Freud adatchedwa Oedipus complex (mwa anyamata) kapena chisankho cha Electra (mwa atsikana). Malinga ndi nthano, King Oedipus anapha bambo ake mwadzidzidzi ndipo adalowa paubale wapamtima ndi amayi ake. Atazindikira kuti adachita zopanda malire, Oedipus anadzichititsa khungu. Freud anasamutsa chitsanzo ichi kumalo osungirako zizindikiro ndipo amadziwika kuti ndizovuta kuti mwanayo asamadziwe kugonana naye, komanso kukhala ndi kholo la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kwa atsikana ndi anyamata ichi chodabwitsa chimadziwonetsera mwa njira zosiyanasiyana.

1. Oedipus complex in anyamata. Choyamba ndi chowoneka bwino kwambiri cha chikondi cha munthu wam'tsogolo ndi amayi ake. Kuyambira pachiyambi iye amakwaniritsa zosowa zake zonse. Akukula, mnyamatayo amaphunzira kufotokoza maganizo ake komanso anthu ena, zomwe amawona. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mnyamatayo amachitira udindo wa atate wake, amamutsanzira pofotokozera malingaliro kwa amayi, ndipo bambo mwiniyo panthaŵiyo ndi mpikisano kwa mwanayo. Panthawiyi, makolo ambiri amatha kuona momwe mnyamatayo amamukankhira papa ngati amaika amayi ake kapena kulumbirira kuti adzamkwatira akamakula. Komabe, pang'onopang'ono mwanayo amazindikira kuti ndi zopanda pake kuyesa mphamvu ndi bambo ake ndipo amaopa kubwezera mbali yake. Freud amachititsa kuti amve kuti akuopa kuopsezedwa ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ndi mantha omwe amachititsa mnyamatayu kusiya amayi ake.
2. Electra kwa atsikana. Chithunzi chake chinali chimodzi mwa zikhulupiriro zachi Greek, pamene mtsikana wina dzina lake Electra analimbikitsa mchimwene wake Orestes kuti aphe amayi awo ndi amayi awo pobwezera imfa ya atate ake. Potero, atalowa m'mimba, mtsikanayo amazindikira kuti sali ngati bambo ake, ali ndi dongosolo losiyana la ziwalo zoberekera, zomwe zimawoneka kuti mwanayo ndi wosayenerera. Msungwana wamkazi yemwe bamboyo ali ndi mphamvu pa mayiyo ndipo amafuna kuti akhale naye ngati mwamuna. Mayiyo, nayenso, amakhala mdani wamkulu wa mtsikanayo. Pang'onopang'ono mtsikanayo amaletsa chilakolako cha abambo ake, ndipo kukhala ngati mayi, mwanjira ina amakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwa abambo ake, ndipo, pokhala achikulire, amafufuza mosamalitsa munthu wofanana naye. Pokhala wamkulu, zilembo za Elektra zovuta zimatha kuwonetseratu chikondi cha akazi, kukopa ndi kugonana.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyamba kwa phallic, yomwe ili pafupi zaka 3-6, iyenera kuyesedwa kwambiri kwa makolo. Kuzindikiritsa za kugonana kwa mwanayo kumakhala ndi gulu lachinsinsi kwambiri, ndipo kusokonezeka pang'ono kumapangitsa mwana kugwidwa maganizo. Pokhala wamkulu, izi zingayambitse mavuto mu maubwenzi ndi amuna kapena akazi, zosiyana siyana mu mawonekedwe a zopotoka kapena maganizo olakwika.

Kodi makolo ayenera kuchita chiyani? Mukawona kuti mwanayo akufikira kwa kholo limodzi ndipo mwa njira iliyonse akhoza kukana yachiwiri, ndiyenera kufotokoza kuti uyu ndi munthu wapafupi amene amamulemekeza ndi kumukonda. Musamuwonetse mwana wanu ubale wanu. Osamukumbatira kapena kusewera nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuti asawononge psyche wa mwanayo. Ngati vutoli ndi lovuta kwambiri ndipo limakhalapo nthawi yaitali, ndi bwino kuti muyankhule ndi mwanayo ndi katswiri wa maganizo. Posakhalitsa njira zothandizira zidzakwaniritsidwe, mwanayo adzakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chiyanjano chabwino ndi anyamata atakalamba.