Khansa ya chithokomiro - zizindikiro, zifukwa, chithandizo ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu yonse ya oncology

Khansara ya chithokomiro ndi matenda amene amapezeka kuti si osowa. Amapezeka mu 1% mwa milandu yonse ya khansa. Kwa amayi, matendawa amapezeka katatu kambiri kuposa kugonana kwakukulu. Chiwerengerochi chikupezeka mwa amayi a zaka 45 mpaka 60.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - zimayambitsa

Pakadali pano, akatswiri sangathe kunena motsimikizirika zomwe zinayambitsa matendawa. Komabe, amadziwitsa zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chiwonjezeke. Zina mwa izo, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika zoterozo:

1. Kusungidwa kwaumphawi - posachedwapa asayansi atulukira kuti jini lofalitsidwa kuchokera kwa achibale apamtima, lomwe limayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa. Ngati liripo mu thupi, mwayi wa zochitika za oncology ndi 100%.
2. Mavuto ogwirira ntchito - makamaka ntchito yoopsa ya ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe amakumana ndi ma radiation amaonongeka amalingaliridwa. Komanso m'magulu a anthu omwe ali pangozi kwambiri ali masitolo "otentha" ndi omwe ntchito zawo zimagwirizana ndi zitsulo zolemera.
3. Kuwopsa kwa mailesi - pambuyo pa ngozi ya Chernobyl, matenda a chithokomiro m'madera angapo omwe analipo anapezeka kawiri kawiri kuposa momwe zisanachitike. Ngozi imatengedwa ngakhale mvula yamagetsi ikugwa nthawi iliyonse pambuyo pa kuyesedwa kwa zida za nyukiliya.
4. Kupanikizika kwambiri - mantha aakulu ndi kupsinjika maganizo kumakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha chitetezo. Zotsatira zake, dongosolo lotetezera silikhoza kuwononga maselo a khansa.
5. Zizolowezi zoipa - mu utsi wa fodya zili ndi khansa, zomwe zimaipitsa thupi. Anasiya chitetezo cha mthupi komanso mowa.

Khansara ya chithokomiro ikhoza kukwiyitsa zinthu izi:

• zotupa pamatenda a mammary;
• mapuloteni mu rectum;
• goiter yambiri ;
• khansa ya coloni ;
• mitsempha ya chithokomiro;
• matenda a chiberekero cha amayi;
• Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi, chifukwa cha mimba kapena kusamba.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - mndandanda

Pali mitundu yambiri ya maonekedwe opweteka. Malinga ndi kachitidwe kake ka khansa ya chithokomiro, mitunduyi ili ndi izi:

• oplas;
• chithunzi;
• papillary;
• medullary.

Khansara ya chithokomiro

Imeneyi ndiyo njira yowopsya kwambiri ya matenda osokoneza bongo: imapezeka mu 80%. Matendawa adatchulidwa kuchokera ku liwu lachilatini, kutanthauziridwa kuti "papilla". Izi ndi momwe zimakhalira m'mimba: pamwamba pake pali zowoneka ngati mapepala akunja. Khansa ya kanseri ya papillary imatengedwa kuti ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi matenda. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, maselo ake samayang'ana poyang'ana koyamba, ali wathanzi.

Powerenga pogwiritsa ntchito microscope ya chithokomiro kwa anthu abwino, 10 peresenti ya mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amapezeka. Kawirikawiri zotupa zimenezi sizikhala ndi zotsatira. Ngati ayamba kukula, m'pofunika kuchita mofulumira. Khansara yotereyi imakhala yosakanikirana ndi masewera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi bwino kuchiza ngati mukufuna thandizo la mankhwala panthawi yake.

Medullary khansa ya chithokomiro

Mitundu yowonongeka imeneyi ndi yosavuta: imapezeka mu 5-8%. Kansa ya kansa ya Medullary ndi yoopsa chifukwa chotupa kudzera mu capsule chikhoza kumera mu trachea. Panthawi yomweyo, n'zotheka kuwononga maselo a nthendayi, chiwindi, mapapo ndi ziwalo zina zamkati. Vuto la khansa imeneyi ndi lakuti ndi loopsa ndipo likukula mofulumira.

Khansara ya chithokomiro

Mtundu uwu wamapangidwe woipa umaonedwa kuti ndi wachiwiri wamba pambuyo pa mapepala. Kunja, chotupacho chikufanana ndi mphamvu, ndiye chifukwa chake matendawa adalandira dzina. Kawirikawiri matenda oterewa amapezeka mwa omwe amadya zakudya zamadzimadzi. Khansara yamakono yopanda chithokomiro mu 30% ya milandu imafalikira kumatenda oyandikana nawo ndipo siimera m'mitsempha ya mitsempha. Komabe, matendawa akhoza kuchita mwaukali. Zingakhudze osati maselo a mitsempha komanso mitsempha ya magazi, komanso mafupa ndi mapapo.

Kuwonjezera khansa ya chithokomiro

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kawirikawiri. Amadziwika ndi chitukuko m'matope a maselo otheka. Kachilombo ka kansa ya kanseri imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ziphuphu. Gland imakula kwambiri, kufinya ziwalo zozungulira. Izi zili ndi mavuto ndi kumeza ndi kupuma. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka kwa okalamba.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - zizindikiro

Kukula kwa mapangidwe oopsawa kumaphatikizapo zizindikiro zina. Zizindikiro za khansa ya chithokomiro kwa akazi ndi izi:

• kupanikizika kwa magazi ;
• chisindikizo chimamveka pa khosi;
• kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri amasonyeza ululu wamodzi;
• amadziwika ndi kutaya tsitsi kwambiri;
• khungu limakhala louma kwambiri;
• pali kuphwanya tulo;
• thupi limasintha kwambiri;
• liwu limakhala lolemera;
• kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha;
• kukumbukira kumapweteka ndipo kusamalitsa kumachepa;
• kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana;
• komanso zosasangalatsa.

Zotsatira za khansa ya chithokomiro

Maphunziro aliwonse a khansa amapita kudutsa magawo anayi a chitukuko. Posankha siteji, adokotala amaganizira izi:

• kukula kwa chotupa;
• Kodi ndifalikira bwanji (pali malingaliro mkati mwa gland kapena kufalikira kumatenda apafupi);
• kukhalapo kwa metastases.

Khansara ya chithokomiro imadutsa muzigawo izi:

1. Kutupa m'mimba mwake sikuchepera 2 masentimita, mapangidwe opweteka samapangitsa kapule. Panthawi iyi palibe metastases.
2. Chotupa chachikulu chachikulu kapena zochepa zazing'ono. Kumbali ya chithokomiro, komwe kuli, metastases angaonekere.
3. Chotupacho chikuwonjezeka ndikukula mu kapsule. Zikhoza kugulitsidwa kumatenda a trachea. Panthawi imeneyi, metastases imakhudza mbali zonse za chithokomiro.
4. Chotupacho chikukula mozama. Khansara ya chithokomiro (siteji yachinayi) ingapezeke ndi maso. M'kati mwa khosi lalikulu mtanda umapangidwa. Amakula ndi kukula kwa chithokomiro. Metastases amakhudza ziwalo zozungulira ndi ziwalo zozungulira.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - matenda

Ngati zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi nkhawa zimapezeka, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, amamvetsera mwatcheru wodwalayo, ayang'ananso chithokomiro ndi khosi. Ngati akuwona zolakwika kuchokera pazokhazikika, adzalangiza kuti adziwe izi:

• ultrasound (khansara ya chithokomiro sichidziwike ndi mphamvu ya ultrasound 100%)
• zabwino zabwino za singano zotsitsa ziphuphu;
• zojambula;
• chotsitsa;
• MRI;
• kuyesa magazi kwa oyendetsa.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - mankhwala

Pali njira zingapo zothana ndi matenda oterowo. Kusankha kwawo kumadalira mtundu wa zilonda, kukula kwake, kukhalapo kwa metastases ndi zina zotero. Khansara ya chithokomiro imathandizidwa motere:

• chithandizo chamagetsi;
• chithandizo;
• chithandizo;
• kuwunikira;
• chemotherapy.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - zothandizira kuchipatala

Pazigawo zoyamba za vutoli, mankhwala osankhidwa bwino amathandizidwa kupirira. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Sukulu;
• L-thyroxine;
• Bleomycin Sulphate.

Ngati khansa ya chithokomiro imapezeka, dokotalayo amalimbikitsa malingaliro okhudza zakudya. Ndikofunika kupititsa patsogolo zakudyazo ndi mankhwala a iodini.

• masamba (beets, tomato, mbatata, adyo);
• zipatso ndi zipatso (yamatcheri, persimmons, maapulo, rowan);
• mapira ndi buckwheat;
• nsomba (nkhanu, squid, nyanja kabichi);
• nsomba;
• nyama;
• Zakudya za mkaka (tchizi, mkaka, kanyumba tchizi);
• mazira.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - opaleshoni

Pali njira zoterezi zopangira opaleshoni:

• chithokomiro chathunthu - chithokomiro chimachotsedweratu pamodzi ndi mitsempha yathanzi;
• chiwerengero cha chiwalo chimasungidwa.

Ngati khansa ya chithokomiro yafalitsa metastases mkati mwa capsule, dokotala akuwona kuti ndi kofunika kuchotsa minofu yomwe yathyola mwamsanga. Chithandizo pa nkhani iyi chikuyimiridwa ndi magawo otsatirawa:

1. Kukonzekera kwa wodwala - muyenera kudutsa mayesero onse oyenerera opaleshoni. Panthawiyi, munthu sayenera kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri kapena matenda oopsa kwambiri.
2. Kuyankhulana ndi munthu wodwala matenda a anesthesiologist, dokotala wa opaleshoni ndi wothandizira - wodwala ali ndi ufulu wodziwa momwe ntchitoyo idzachitikire, ndipo kusokonezeka kotereku kumakhudza.
3. Kuyamba kwa anesthesia wambiri - munthu ali mu tulo tofa nato, samamva kupweteka kapena vuto lina lililonse.
4. Kuchita mwachindunji opaleshoniyo - nthawi ya ndondomekoyo imadalira kuvuta kwake. Ngati chithokomiro chiyenera kuchotsedwa, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chidzachitidwa ola limodzi. Pamene mazira amphongo ndi okhudzidwa amafunika, njirayi ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwa maola 2-3.
5. Kukonzekera kwabwino kwabwino - wodwalayo analamulidwa kupuma mokwanira kwa maola 24 oyambirira. Mitsinjeyi imayikidwa mu dzenje kumene opaleshoniyo inkachitidwa. Pa chubu ichi kunja kumabwera kuyamwa. Tsiku lina madzi akutsanulidwa akuchotsedwa ndi bandaged. Pambuyo pa khansa ya chithokomiro yogwiritsidwa ntchito, wodwalayo amasulidwa kunyumba kwa masiku 2-3. Komabe, amayenera kupita kukaonana ndi dokotalayo nthawi zonse kuti athe kuwona momwe chirichonse chimachiritsira ndi chomwe chimakhalira munthu.

Khansara ya chithokomiro - kufotokozera

Pozindikira chinthu ichi, chikhalidwe chake cha mthendayi chimakhala ndi udindo waukulu.

Oncology ya chithokomiro gland kawirikawiri izi:

1. Khansara ya anaplastic ndi pafupifupi 100% mwinamwake kufa.
2. Maonekedwe a Medullary - ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha moyo.
3. Mtundu wonyenga - wochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yapamwamba. Ali ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha zotsatira zabwino, makamaka odwala oposa 50.
4. Khansara ya papillary pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya chithokomiro - imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri. Malingana ndi ziwerengero, mwayi wa mankhwala ndi oposa 90%.