Kusankha njira yopezera ndalama, kuonjezera phindu la kupanga kapena bizinesi, ndikofunika kulingalira njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito - njira zawo, kusiyana, zabwino ndi zolakwika. Kodi ndalama ndi zotani, ndipo ndizochita chiyani mu chuma cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi boma lonse - nkhani yofunika kwambiri m'masiku ano.
Ndalama - ndi chiyani?
Monga lamulo, ndalama zopezera ndalama ndizo ndalama zachinsinsi mu chinthu kapena chida chofuna kupanga phindu. Pankhani yopanga ndalama, ndalama zowonongeka zimabweretsedwa kawirikawiri kapena ayi. Kodi ndalama ndi chiyani? Ndalama zoterozo sizingakhale ndalama zokhazokha. Kawirikawiri, izi ndi kugula kwa magawo kapena zinsinsi, umwini wa chinthucho, chilolezo kapena chilolezo, ndalama, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zina, monga ndalama, amagulitsa:
- kukonzanso;
- kukonza;
- kusamalira kapena kutumikila kwa chirichonse;
- zomangamanga;
- maphunziro kapena maphunziro.
Udindo wa ndalama mu chuma
Kodi ndalama ndi chiyani? Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kumathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha chitukuko ndi chitukuko chazofunika kwambiri pa mafakitale ofunika kwambiri, kupanga kapena ulimi wa dzikoli. Kupereka ndalama kumakulolani kuti musunge kapena kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ntchito, kuchepetsa ubwino wa katundu, kukhazikitsa chiwongoladzanja ndi kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo chuma kuti pakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulani.
Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti ndalama zonse sizothandiza. Kuyika malonda mu bizinesi zosavomerezeka, pokhapokha ngati sizinakonzedwe ndipo njira zamakono zomwe zakhazikitsidwa nthawi zambiri sizibweretsa zotsatira zoyenera. Zikatero, kubwereranso kwa ndalama kungakhale kotsika.
Kodi mungakope bwanji ndalama?
Ndalama zokolola zapamwamba zidzakhala zokopa kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama, koma momwe angakwaniritsire zotsatira zoyenera? Pali zina zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kopeza ndalama zofunikira:
- Kuchita bizinesi ndi zolemba zolimba za dongosolo losiyana;
- kugwira ntchito pokonzekera zochitika zina, kupanga njira yothandizira, kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama khama kuti muzitsatira;
- kulingalira mosamala za ndalama zomwe mukuyembekezera ndi ndalama;
- kupezeka kwa malangizi kapena mbiri yabwino mu bizinesi yamalonda;
- wokonzekera mgwirizano wogwirizana;
- zovuta zachuma, nyengo yachuma ndi zina zothandizidwa ndi boma.
Mitundu ya ndalama
Kusamala kwa wamalonda wamtsogolo akuyenera kukhala ndi magawo a zachuma. Pali angapo a iwo:
1. Ndi mawu akuti:
- Kusakhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali - nthawi, kawirikawiri osakwana chaka;
- Kusamalidwa kwa nthawi yayitali - kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka 3-5;
- ndalama zanthawi yaitali - kawirikawiri, kwa zaka zoposa 3-5.
2. Pamalo:
- mkati;
- kunja.
3. Ndi mitundu ya zinthu zogulitsa:
- Zowonongeka kapena zenizeni - zopereka zothandizira pitukuko cha kupanga kapena bizinesi;
- zolembapo kapena zachuma - zimabweretserapo phindu kwa misonkho.
4. Mwa mtundu wochita nawo malonda:
- malonda osadziwika;
- kulumikizana molunjika.
5. Ndi ndalama:
- kusowa ndalama, koma kupezeka kwa zamasamba, zachilengedwe kapena zina;
- chotsikira;
- chiwerengero;
- mkulu.
6. Pamene mukuwerengera maonekedwe a umwini, ndalama zingakhale:
- achilendo;
- mgwirizano ndi mayiko ena;
- chinsinsi;
- boma;
- zosakaniza.
Ndalama - Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito ndalama?
Monga lamulo, kupanga ndalama pazinthu zachuma ndi cholinga chachikulu cha osunga ndalama. Kusankhidwa kwa mafakitale pazinthu zoterezi kungadalire pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- zofuna za mwini ndalama;
- mavuto a zachuma komanso kupezeka kwa malangizowo odalirika;
- zida za mafakitale kapena zamalonda m'dera;
- kuchuluka kwa ndalama zaulere.
Kupereka ndalama mu bizinesi
Ambiri akuganiza momwe angagwiritsire ndalama ndalama. Yankho lingakhale losavuta. Mwachitsanzo, poika ndalama muzinthu zamalonda ndikofunikira kulingalira zinthu zingapo:
- phindu la bizinesi;
- kukhazikika kwake;
- chiyembekezo;
- zowopsa.
Kusungidwa mu magawo
Mtundu wochuluka wa ndalama ndi kugula zobisika, koma nthawi zonse simungakwanitse kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake - pali mbali zina zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo. Zovuta zawo zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe chuma chimakhalira. Zochita zimafuna zodziwa ndi luso. Zowonongeka za ndalama zingatheke chifukwa chakuti poyamba phindu likugawidwa pakati pa mabungwe a ngongole, antchito ndi ogulitsa katundu. Musaiwale za kuwonongeka kwa kampaniyo ndi mavuto ena azachuma.
Kuyikapo pa kuyamba
Kawirikawiri, malonda ndi zatsopano sizingatheke. Pakalipano, pali opanga luso lambili ndi kuyamba anthu a zamalonda, omwe ndi ofunika kupeza kakhazikika. Sikuti aliyense ali wokonzeka kugulitsa likulu lawo mu polojekiti yatsopano, yosasinthidwa, kotero pali ngozi zazikulu za ndalama zoterezi. Kuti mupeze polojekiti yoyamba ndi oyendetsa bizinesi, ndikofunika kulingalira zoopsa izi komanso zotheka zina zowonjezera. Zidzakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya bizinesi ndi zotsatira zake.
Gwiritsani ntchito pang'ono
Cholinga cha ochuluka kwambiri a zachuma ndi ndalama zopindulitsa, koma sizingatheke kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwe akufuna. Kodi ndalama zimakhala zotani, ndipo ndi kusiyana kotani kuchokera pakugulitsa ndalama? Bitcoin ndiyo njira yobwezera, nthawi zambiri anzawo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti pakati pa ogulitsa ndi ogula, kusinthanitsa katundu kapena ntchito. Nthawi zina ndizotheka kusinthanitsa ndalama zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera pa intaneti.
Funso lokhudza ndalama mu bitcoin ndizovuta, chifukwa mtengo wa ndalama zotere ungasinthe kangapo patsiku. Kawirikawiri, ndalama zoterezi zimakhala za nthawi yaitali. Pali lingaliro lomwe iwo ali othandiza pakupezeka kwa ndalama zaulere. Pali zitsanzo za zonse zopindulitsa ndi zopanda phindu kuziyika muzing'ono, kotero kusankha mu nkhaniyi kumakhala kwa mkulima.
Kupanga ndalama mu golidi
Sikopeka kupeza ndalama popanda chiopsezo. Ngakhale mtengo wokhazikika wa golide ukhoza kugwedezeka chifukwa cha chikoka cha zinthu zachuma zakunja. Pali zopindulitsa zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu za golide:
- chitsulo sichiri chodziwika kwambiri ku zinthu zakunja, kotero icho chikhoza kupitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali;
- kusungirako kwake sikukutanthauza mikhalidwe yapadera;
- Mphamvu zachuma pa mtengo wa golide sizinali zazikulu.
Kuyika ndalama zamtengo wapatali kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pogula ndalama, ingots, zokongoletsera, kutsegula makalata a zitsulo kapena malonda ogulitsa. Monga mtundu uliwonse wa ndalama, kuyendetsa ndalama mu golide kumaphatikizapo zoopsa zina zomwe ziyenera kuganizidwa posankha ndalama.
Kupereka ndalama kumanga
Kukula kwa kayendedwe kamangidwe kawirikawiri kumapangitsa munthu kuitanira ndalama muzogulitsa izi chimodzi mwa ndalama zomwe anthu ambiri amagula. Ndalama zimagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu izi - zogona, mafakitale, kupanga, ndalama zamagulu. Malo ogulitsa nyumba ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la ndalama. Ndipo izi zikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ku midzi, komanso kumidzi ya kumidzi. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa kutchuka koteroko:
- Mtengo wamakilomita masentimita a nyumba yosungirako nyumba kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yomanga ndi wochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mitengo ya nyumba yomaliza.
- Malo okonzedweratu okhala kapena osakhala malo nthawi zambiri amatha kubwereka, omwe amabweretsa phindu lina kwa wogulitsa.
- Chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma, mitengo yamakono akukula, makamaka m'madera okhala ndi chitukuko.
- Kumidzi zakumidzi sizimataya mtengo. Chinthu china chowonjezera pa kukula kwa mtengo wa nyumba kungakhale mwayi waukulu wogwirizanitsa magawo a mzinda ndi dera.
- Kuwonjezera pa lendi, malonda mu hotelo ya hotelo ndi wamba, makamaka ngati dera likukongola kwa alendo.
Kulima mu ulimi
Monga lamulo, zolinga zachuma ndizo ntchito zomwe mzimayi akudzipangira yekha posankha chinthu chofuna ndalama. Kawirikawiri izi ndizopindulitsa ndalama, koma nthawi zina ntchito zingakhale zachikhalidwe kapena zachilengedwe. Kodi ndalama zothandizira ulimi ndi chiyani?
Ili ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito yokonza ndi kukonza zinyama zaulimi ndi mafakitale. Zotsatira za ndalama zotere sizidalira kokha kawirikawiri ndi kugawa kwao, komanso mtundu wa zaulimi kapena mbewu, dera, nyengo ndi nyengo.
Pali zina mwazinthu zamalonda:
- Nthaŵi yaitali ya kuyembekezera phindu limadalira pa kukula kwa mbewu, kusonkhanitsa, kuwongolera ndi kutumiza kunja. Chimodzimodzinso chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zinyama.
- Kuopsa kwakukulu - zotsatira pa nyengo yokolola, kupezeka kwa matenda a ziweto kapena mbalame.
- Kufunika kokonzanso kayendedwe ka ulimi, kuyambitsidwa kwa matekinoloje atsopano mu ulimi ndi ziweto.
Kumvetsetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi momwe ndalamazi zimagwirira ntchito kuti muwerenge zomwe zimafunika komanso ndalama zomwe mumapeza. Kusankha chinthu kapena chiwongoladzanja cha ndalama, ndikofunika kuganizira zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo, ndalama ndi nthawi zomwe zingayende limodzi ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ndalama.