Mchitidwe wonyansa ndi mawu ochokera ku liwu lachilatini delictum, lomwe potanthauzira limatanthauza "kusalongosola". Izi zikutanthauzira tanthauzo la lingaliro: khalidwe ili limakhala ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi anthu, losavomerezeka, lomwe limadziwonetsera muzochita kapena mopanda ntchito ndipo nthawi zonse limavulaza anthu ndi anthu. Khalidwe loipa la umunthu ndilo lingaliro lomwe limakhala likuwonekera nthawi zonse m'magulu a oimira maphunziro, zigawenga, zachikhalidwe, psychology ndi nthambi zina.
Mitundu ya makhalidwe oipa
Mndandanda woipa woterewu umaphatikizapo zolakwa zosiyanasiyana, kawirikawiri za chikhalidwe. Monga zitsanzo
- zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikhoza kutchulidwa:
- kuphwanya malamulo a pamsewu,
- zowawa zachiwawa, monga chiyankhulo choipa, nkhanza zonyansa, nkhanza za nkhanza,
- Kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa m'malo osaloledwa, mwachitsanzo m'maseŵera, m'misewu, m'minda ya anthu komanso m'mapaki, m'zinthu zamagalimoto, etc;
- kuonekera m'malo amtundu waumphawi, zomwe zimapangitsa ulemu waumunthu ndi makhalidwe a anthu;
- kubweretsa kuledzera kamwana;
- uhule;
- kufalitsa zolaula, etc.
Mitundu ya khalidwe losayera imasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kulakwitsa sikuletsedwa kugwira ntchito monga wogwira ntchito, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupezeka, kuoneka kuntchito kuledzera, kuphwanya malamulo a chitetezo cha ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Izi mwina ndizowonetseratu zopanda chilungamo kwambiri za makhalidwe oipa.
Khalidwe loipitsitsa mu mawonekedwe owopsa ndilophwanya malamulo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuba ndi kupha, kugwiririra, kuba galimoto ndi kuwonongeka, uchigawenga, chinyengo, kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa makhalidwe oipa
Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika kuti zikhalidwe zokhala ndi makhalidwe oipa zimayendetsa munthu kuyambira ubwana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange khalidwe lolakwika. Zina mwa zifukwa ndi izi:
- Makolo akunyalanyaza zosowa za mwana kuti azisamalidwa mwachikondi;
- kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu chigamulo mwachinsinsi m'banja;
- chikoka chokwanira cha abambo, ngati atachoka kapena kufa;
- kusokonezeka kwaunyamata (chiwawa, matenda, kusudzulana, imfa ya kholo) ndi kukonzekera;
- chilolezo;
- zosowa zokwanira za makolo;
- kukakamiza kwambiri mwanayo;
- Pa mbali ya makolo, kusagwirizana kwa zosowa zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvetsetsa makhalidwe;
- kusintha kwa makolo;
- nthawi zonse, amachititsa mkangano pakati pa makolo (vuto loopsa kwambiri ndi pamene bambo wankhanza amawomba amayi);
- makhalidwe osayenera a makolo - bambo wovuta kwambiri komanso mayi wosafunika kwenikweni.
Psycholoji ya khalidwe lopusitsa imamatira ku lingaliro lomwe
Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malo abwino, ogwirizana pafupi ndi mwana yemwe malo omwe amaloledwa amasonyezedwa momveka bwino, chifukwa njirayi imapereka zotsatira zabwino ndipo ndiziteteza kwambiri.
Monga lamulo, kukonzedwa kwa khalidwe loipa kumachitika patapita nthawi, pamene mwana wamkulu ali ndi vuto ndi lamulo, ndipo izi zimachitika mwachindunji kudzera m'maboma omwe akuyenera.