Chimake chachisumbu chotchedwa Sviyazhsk, chomwe chili ku Tatarstan, chimadziƔika kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana asanu. Sviyazhsk anayamba ngati linga. Kuchokera mu mbiriyakale tikudziwa kuti maulendo atatu a akalonga a Moscow ku Kazan adatha molephera. Kuti asilikali a ku Russia apitirize kumenya nkhondo ya Kazan, ankafunika kumenya nkhondo. Mu 1551, pasanathe mwezi umodzi, kumbuyo kwa mdani anamanga nyumbayo, chifukwa cha likulu la Kazan Khanate linagwa. Kuchokera ku nsanja yamatabwa ya nthawi imeneyo mpaka lero lino pali Trinity Cathedral yomwe idasungidwa, yomwe isanayambe kugwidwa kwa Kazan khungu linachitira pamaso pa Ivan The Terrible.
Pakalipano, Sviyazhsk ndi malo otchuka otchuka ku Tatarstan. Alendo akukonzekera ulendo wopita ku mzinda wakaleyu adzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa zomwe mungathe kuwona ku Sviyazhsk.
Zochitika zazikulu za Sviyazhsk ndizozipanga za kale za sacral. Mbiri ya mzinda wa chilumba cha Sviyazhsk inadziwa zambiri komanso zovuta. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zofunika pa ndondomeko ya Ivan yoopsa inali yogwirizana ndi kutembenuka kwa okhulupirika ku Chikhristu. Koma ngati poyamba kubvomerezedwa kwa chikhulupiriro chachikristu kunali mwaufulu, ndiye pansi pa Peter I iwo anabatizidwa molimbika. Mwa dongosolo la Catherine II ubatizo wamantha unathetsedwa, ndipo akachisi ndi nyumba za amonke za Sviyazhsk zinayamba kuchepa.
M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, Revolution ndi Civil War zinali zowawa pamapeto a mzindawo. Nyumba za amonke zinakhala malo osungiramo ndalama, ndipo nyumba ya amonke ya Uspensky Bogoroditsky inasandulika kukhala malo ogwira ntchito yothandizira anthu. Kuchokera mu 1935 mpaka 1953, ndende ya Sviyazhsk NKVD inali pano.
Mu 1957, pokhudzana ndi zomangamanga Zhigulevskaya HPP, malo a Kuibyshev anasefukira dera lalikulu. Chifukwa cha Ivan the Terrible, yemwe adalamula kamodzi kuti amange linga pa phiri la Krugloy (inali njira yamagulu), Sviyazhsk anakhalabe wotetezeka, koma anasanduka chilumba. M'mudzi wina wa mbiri yakale pakali pano mukhoza kupita kumsewu wa asphalt womwe umayenda pamtunda, ndipo m'chilimwe kuchokera ku Kazan ukhoza kusambira pa ngalawa.
Mu 1997, Sviyazhsk anaphatikizidwa pa mndandandanda wa Renaissance Foundation, ndipo m'chaka chomwecho a Assumption Bogoroditsky Monastery anasamutsidwa ku Diocese ya Kazan Orthodox. The Assumption Cathedral ku Sviyazhsk ndi kachisi wapadera m'masewero a Pskov-Novgorod. Ma fresco ake, omwe amaphedwa kutali ndi 1561, ndi apadera. Choncho, fresco yomwe ikuyimira St. Christopher imaonedwa kuti ndiyo yokhayo padziko lapansi kumene woyera woyera akuwonetsedwa mosiyana ndi makonzedwe ndi mutu wa kavalo.
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Panopa, pali mipingo yoposa 10 yogwira ntchito ku Sviyazhsk. Cathedral of Our Lady, yomangidwa pa chitsanzo cha Kronstadt Naval Cathedral, ikudziwika chifukwa cha nkhani yake yabwino kwambiri. The iconostasis, yomwe inalengedwa m'zaka za zana la 16, yasungidwa mu Mpingo wa Utatu. Mu Nyumba ya Amoni ya Ioanno-Predtechensky pali malo opatulika - Mafano a Amayi a Mulungu "Chalice chosatha" ndi "Tikhvinskaya", chithunzi cha Yohane M'batizi ndi gawo la zolemba za Herman wa Kazani.
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Sviyazhsk wakhala wotchuka kwa amisiri ake. Tsopano chilumbachi chimatsitsimutsa ndipo chimapanga zida zakale: potengera ndi Kuznetsk luso. Khoti lotchedwa Equestrian Court la Sviyazhsk linatsegulidwa pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa. Kumangidwa mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1600 kuchokera ku nkhuni, m'zaka za zana la XVIII bwalo linamangidwanso kuchokera pamwala. Pakali pano, malo osungirako zinthu zakale akuphatikizapo masewera a masewera, masitolo okhumudwitsa, malo ogwira ntchito, malo odyera komanso nyumba ya alendo.
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Monga mzinda wakale uliwonse, Sviyazhsk ali ndi nthano zake. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kukhazikitsa ku Sviyazhsk chophimba kwa Yudasi Isikariyoti, yemwe anagulitsa Khristu. Mapepala a White emigre analemba za izi, kukumbukira kwa nthumwi wa Denmark ku Denmark Henning Koehler ndi wolemba A. Varaksin adanena za kukhazikitsa kwake. Mosakayika pa kutsegulidwa kwa chipilalacho anasonkhana ndi Leon Trotsky. Komabe, otsutsa ambiri ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale amaona kuti mabuku onsewa ndi odalirika.
Chizindikiro cha Sviyazhsk ndi kanema "mutu wa Devkina", umasinthidwanso mogwirizana ndi mipukutu yakale, yomwe imakhala ndi nkhope yachikazi ndi choopsya chachikulu, chikumbutso cha nthano ya Medusa Gorgon.
Zolinga za chitukuko cha Sviyazhsk zimagwirizana ndi kulengedwa kwa federal museum m'madera a mzindawo. Kuchokera mu 1998, Sviyazhsk ndi woyenera kuti alowe mu List of World Heritage List.