N'zotheka kuti ziphuphu sizinali kokha mu chikhalidwe chisanayambe, pamene anthu adya zipatso zokha kuchokera ku mitengo ndi nyama yayikulu. Iwo anali ndi zochuluka za mphatso izi za chirengedwe ndipo panalibenso kusowa kwa kupereka mtsogoleri wamitundu kapena ansembe ziphuphu kuti adzalandire gawo lopatsidwa mowolowa manja kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo. Koma atangoyamba kuonekera, ndipo munthuyu adamva kukoma kwa mphamvu, nthawi yomweyo chiphuphu chinayamba kupezeka. Kale Aigupto ndi Mesopotamiya adadziŵa chodabwitsa ichi. Mdziko lathu lomwe tikulimbanapo pali mayesero ochulukirapo kuti tisadetsedwe osati dzanja la akuluakulu omwe samanyalanyaza kufunafuna ziphuphu chifukwa cha ntchito zawo.
Mbiri yakulimbana ndi ziphuphu
Kulimbana ndi choipa ichi wakhala akuyesera kwa nthawi yaitali. Makalata akale amatiuza za malamulo omwe mafumu ndi mafumu amavomereza motsutsana ndi madyera awo. Chiweruzo cha Ivan Chowopsya, chimene tsar inasaina mu 1561, adanena kuti chilango cha imfa chidaopsezedwa ndi woweruza milandu chifukwa cholandira ziphuphu. Pali zitsanzo za kukana kwamtundu wotsutsana ndi antchito a boma. Muscovites mu 1648, adakonza mapulaneti oterewa omwe ngakhale mbali ya likulu lawolo linatenthedwa. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich adakakamizika kupititsa kwa anthu awiri a atumiki ake - atsogoleri a malamulo a Zemsky ndi Pushkarskiy. Chaka chotsatira, ku Cathedral Code ya 1649, mlandu wa chigawenga unakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha ziphuphu.
Peter I. Panthawi yomwe ankalamulira, chiwawa chinakula kwambiri. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, Prince Menshikov adatha kuchotsa rubles mamiliyoni angapo kuchokera ku golidi ndi zokongoletsa ku mabanki akunja. Osachepera kwa iye chifukwa cha ndalama za boma, akuluakulu ena adapindula. Malamulo amphamvu adayambitsidwa, zotsutsana ndi ziphuphu zinkapweteka, akuluakulu apamwamba nthawi zonse adalangidwa, koma palibe akalonga omwe angathe kuthetseratu vutoli.
Uphungu wa chipani unayamba ku West Europe. Makampani akuluakulu ndi makampani opangira zofuna zawo zaumwini sanabwezere msonkho wokhazikika, koma mwachindunji ku register ya ndalama. M'mayiko a dziko lachitatu, maulamuliro olamulirawo adabweretsa mayiko awo ku mfundo imeneyi, kuti n'zosatheka kuthetsa chirichonse popanda kupereka ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, ku Indonesia, Purezidenti Suharto adafotokoza momveka bwino chiphuphu cha mabungwe akunja omwe anayenera kulipira kwa banja lake kuti akhale ndi chilolezo chogwira ntchito pano.
Nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi katangale
Nkhondo yowonongeka iyi imasokonezedwa ndi kusiyana kosiyana ndi malamulo a mphamvu zosiyana. M'mayiko ena ziphuphu zimangopatsidwa chilango, ndipo ena amangopereka ziphuphu. Kupeza ndalama sikulakwa kwa iwo. Ku US, kukwezedwa kwa boma kungangobwera kuchokera ku boma lake, komanso chifukwa cha kuphwanya lamuloli, mpaka zaka ziwiri m'ndende. Chifukwa cha ziphuphu zambiri m'dziko lino, ziganizo za kumangidwa kwa zaka 20 zimaperekedwa. Choncho, pano chiwerengero cha ziphuphu n'chochepa kwambiri kuposa m'mayiko ena. Mu 1989, mayiko a Gulu la Zisanu ndi ziwiri adalenga gulu la mayiko onse pa za kugwidwa kwa ndalama, zomwe zinayambitsa ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa njira zingapo zotsutsana ndi choipa ichi. Mu 2005, bungwe la United Nations Convention on Rushwa linayamba kugwira ntchito. Pang'onopang'ono, anthu ammudzi akuyesera kubweretsa malamulo ofanana ndi malamulo ophwanya malamulo a mayiko onse otukuka. Pakati pa mayiko pali kusinthana kwa chidziwitso, kuchotsedwa kwa anthu omwe anachita chiphuphu. Zomwe zilipo ndizokhazikitsana ndi ziphuphu, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimayambika m'mayiko onse kuti zisawononge uphungu.
Tsiku Lotsutsa Ziphuphu
Tsiku loyamba la International Day against Corruption linakondwerera pa December 9, 2003. Tsiku limenelo pamlingo waukulu kwambiri mumzinda wa Merida mumzinda wa Mexico, msonkhano waukulu unachitika. Bungwe la UN Convention Against Corruption linatsegulidwa kuti lilembedwe. Zonse zomwe zinasaina chikalata ichi chinali kuchitira chiphuphu chiphuphu, kuwononga ndalama, kuba za ndalama za boma. Njira zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwa achifwamba ndikubwerera kudziko komwe kuba kwawo kunkaperekedwa. Misonkhano, mawonetsero, misonkhano iyenera kuchitika pa International Day against Corruption. Anthu onse omwe amaganiza kuti zochitikazi ndizophwanya malamulo ayenera kugawana zomwe akumana nazo, kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zawo ndi palimodzi polimbana ndi choyipa.