Zikwama zimabwera mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe, mitundu ndi zipangizo. Mwachibadwa, pali matumba achilendo, ndipo pali matumba a katundu wa dziko. Za iwo lero ndipo tidzakambirana. Mankhwala ambiri amabweretsa zikwama za akazi kuphatikizapo zovala ndi nsapato.
Mitundu ya matumba achi Italiya
Dziko lamdimali linapatsa dziko lapansi anthu ambiri apamwamba komanso odabwitsa. Ena mwa okonzanso okongolawo ndi okonza mapulani omwe amapanga mafasho ambiri. Tiyeni tidziŵe ena a iwo:
- Prada. Chizindikiro ichi chimachokera ku Milan. Bambo 1913 anali Mario Prada. Poyambirira, adapanga ntchito yopanga zikopa. Zithunzi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku khungu la nyama zonyansa, ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi zipangizo zopanda malire, ndi zitsulo. Zipangizo zoterezi zinayamba kutchuka.
- Gucci ndi nyumba yopangidwa ndi Guccio Gucci. Tsopano chizindikiro ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopambana kwambiri, ndipo chimakula tsiku lililonse. Chizindikiro ichi mu 1923 chinatulutsa thumba laling'ono lachikopa lokhala ndi nsapato, lomwe linasankhidwa kwambiri ndi akazi otchuka monga Jacqueline Kennedy ndi Grace Kelly.
- Dolce & Gabbana ndi chizindikiro chaching'ono. Mu 1982, adalengedwa ndi ojambula Domenico Dolce ndi Stefano Gabbana. Kuwonjezera pa kupanga zovala, amapanganso zipangizo, matumba, zigoba ndi zonunkhira. Zikwangwani za malondazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mapangidwe olimba ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri.
- Versace - chizindikiro ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iye amachititsa chidwi chake, kwinakwake akugonjetsa kugonana ndi kukongola. Chirichonse chomwe woyambitsa chizindikiro cha Gianni Versace adalengedwa chidayamikiridwa ndi anthu ndi otsutsa. Pambuyo imfa ya Mlengi, chizindikirocho chimayang'aniridwa bwino ndi mlongo wake Donatella Versace.
- Valentino ndi mtundu wachikazi ndi wokongola. Mu 1962, gulu loyamba la Valentino Garavani linafalitsidwa ku Roma. Pakati pa mafani a zolengedwa zake anali anthu olemera komanso otchuka kwambiri. Za matumba Valentino, ndiye amadziwika ndi maonekedwe abwino. Zinthu zosiyana ndi zofiira, ubweya umatulutsa, zosiyana zakuda ndi zoyera.
Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, mdzukulu wa woyambitsa, Miuchia Prada, anabwera kudzayang'anira kampaniyo. Chosonkhanitsa chake choyamba chinali chosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe ankakonda kuyang'ana pansi pa chizindikiro cha Prada. Zilumba za manja za mndandanda uwu zinapangidwa ndi nylon, kuwala ndi zokondweretsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zidakondana ndi akazi a mafashoni.
Mitundu ya ku France ya zikwama
Mitundu ya ku France imasiyanitsidwa chifukwa cha chic and chikhalidwe chawo. Akuluakulu omwe amapanga zikwama zawo ali ndi zilakolako za akazi a mafashoni. Taonani zina mwa zikwama za ku France:
- Louis Vuitton. Chizindikiro ichi ndilo khalidwe labwino ndi kalembedwe. Mu mtundu uliwonse muli zikwama za akazi, zikwama zamakono ndi matumba oyendayenda. Chigamulo cha kampani: "Sutikesi iliyonse iyenera kugwirizanitsa ndi kuyenda bwino."
- Chanel. Chizindikirocho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1913 ndi mkazi wamkulu Coco Chanel. Zikwangwani zopangidwa ndi Chanel, zokongoletsedwa ndi zitsulo zazikulu zitsulo ndi unyolo, nsalu yotchinga ya chikopa, ndi yotchuka nthawi zonse.
- Chloe ndi nyumba yapamwamba yotchuka ku Paris. Iye anawonekera mu 1945 ngati malo osungirako zakudya chifukwa cha Mlengi Gaby Agyen. Matumba a Chloe amakondwera ndi kukongola kwawo kuphatikizapo zolemba zoyambirira ndi mitundu yolimba.
- Dior ndi wolimba, koma nthawi imodzimodzi, chokongola. Wopanga chizindikiro cha Christian Dior anali ndi chidwi chodziwikiratu chomwe chinamuthandiza kuganiza mozama zokhumba za anthu. Chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi zojambulazo ndizosakaniza mitundu.
Izi sizinthu zonse zamatumba zamatumba. Ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndi matumba a ku Spain, kuphatikizapo chilakolako ndi maonekedwe okhwima. Matumba a ku America amasiyana ndi zokopa zawo kuti azitha kugwira ntchito komanso kutonthoza.
Monga lamulo, matumba a malonda otchuka ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Okonza ena amapanga matumba a makina omwe amawononga ndalama zochepa kwambiri.