Zipembedzo zamtundu umodzi - kutuluka kwaumulungu komanso zotsatira zake

Pali magulu ambiri achipembedzo omwe amadziwika panthawi zosiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala ndi mfundo zawo ndi maziko. Chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwakukulu ndi chiwerengero cha milungu imene anthu amakhulupirira, kotero pali zipembedzo zozikidwa pa kukhulupirira mulungu mmodzi, ndipo pali polytheism.

Kodi zipembedzo zamtundu umodzi ndi ziti?

Chiphunzitso cha Mulungu mmodzi yekha chimatchedwa monotheism. Pali mitsinje yambiri yomwe imagwirizana ndi lingaliro la Mlengi wapamwamba kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa zomwe chipembedzo chaumulungu chimatanthawuza, ndikoyenera kunena kuti ili ndilo mazitali atatu apadziko lonse: Chikhristu, Chiyuda ndi Islam. Ponena za zochitika zina zachipembedzo, mikangano ikuchitika. Ndikofunika kutembenuza zipembedzo zodzipereka - izi zimasiyanitsa njira, chifukwa ena amapatsa Ambuye mphamvu ndi umunthu wosiyana, pamene ena amangokweza mulungu kwa ena.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kukhulupirira Mulungu ndi kukhulupirira milungu yambiri?

M'lingaliro la chinthu chotere monga "kukhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi" kumamveka, ndipo ponena za polytheism, ndiye kuti ndizosiyana kwathunthu ndi monotheism ndipo zimachokera ku chikhulupiriro mwa milungu yambiri. Mwa zipembedzo zamakono, zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, Chihindu. Ochirikiza zamatsenga amakhulupirira kuti pali milungu yambiri yomwe ili ndi mphamvu, zikhalidwe ndi zizolowezi zawo. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi milungu ya ku Greece.

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti poyamba anayamba kukhulupirira polytheism, zomwe pamapeto pake zidaperekedwa ku chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu mmodzi. Ambiri amasangalala ndi zifukwa zosinthira kuchokera kuzinthu zokhudzana ndi kupembedza kwaumulungu, ndipo kotero pali zifukwa zambiri za izi, koma chimodzi cholungamitsidwa ndicho. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kusintha kwachipembedzo kotereku kumapanga magawo ena pa chitukuko cha anthu. M'masiku amenewo, dongosolo la akapolo linalimbikitsidwa ndipo ufumu unalengedwa. Monotheism yakhala ngati maziko a gulu latsopano limene limakhulupirira kuti mfumu imodzi ndi Mulungu.

World Monotheistic Zipembedzo

Zanenedwa kale kuti zipembedzo zazikulu za dziko, zomwe zimachokera ku umodzi wokha, ndi Chikhristu, Islam ndi Chiyuda. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti iwo ndi mawonekedwe aumulungu, omwe ali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa makhalidwe omwe ali mmenemo. Olamulira a mayiko a Kum'maŵa a Kum'maŵa panthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa umodzi waumulungu sankawongoleredwa ndi zofuna zawo okha komanso kulimbikitsa mayiko, koma komanso ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino anthu momwe angathere. Mulungu wa chipembedzo chokhalira pamodzi anawapatsa mwayi wopeza njira kwa miyoyo ya okhulupirira ndi kulimbikitsa ufumu wawo.

Chipembedzo cha monotheistic - Chikristu

Poyang'ana kuyambira nthawi yoyambira, Chikristu ndi chipembedzo chachiwiri cha dziko lapansi. Poyamba, iwo anali kagulu ka chipembedzo chachiyuda ku Palestina. Chiyanjano chofanana chikuwonetsedwa mukuti Chipangano Chakale (gawo loyambirira la Baibulo) ndi buku lofunikira kwa Akhristu ndi Ayuda. Ponena za Chipangano Chatsopano, chomwe chiri ndi Mauthenga anayi, mabuku awa ndi opatulika kwa Akhristu okha.

1. Pali chikhulupiliro chaumulungu mu nkhani ya zolakwika mu Chikhristu, popeza maziko a chipembedzo ichi ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera. Kwa ambiri, izi ndi kutsutsana kwa zikhazikitso za umodzi wokha, koma zenizeni zonse zimaonedwa kuti ndizo makhalidwe atatu a Ambuye.
2. Chikhristu chimatanthauza chiwombolo ndi chipulumutso, ndipo anthu amakhulupirira mu chifundo cha Mulungu kwa munthu wochimwa.
3. Poyerekeza zipembedzo zina zamodzi ndi chikhristu, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mu dongosolo lino, moyo umatha kuchokera kwa Mulungu kwa anthu. M'madera ena munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kukwera kwa Ambuye.

Chipembedzo cha Monotheistic - Chiyuda

Chipembedzo chakale kwambiri, chimene chinawuka cha m'ma 1000 BC. Aneneri ankagwiritsa ntchito zikhulupiriro zosiyana pa nthawiyi kuti apange zatsopano, koma kusiyana kwakukulu kokha ndiko kukhalapo kwa Mulungu mmodzi ndi wamphamvu zonse, zomwe zimafuna kuti anthu azitsatira mwatsatanetsatane makhalidwe abwino. Kuyamba kwa chikhulupiliro chaumulungu ndi zotsatira zake za chikhalidwe ndi nkhani yofunikira yomwe asayansi akupitiriza kufufuza, ndipo mu Chiyuda mfundo izi zikuwonekera:

1. Woyambitsa izi ndi mneneri Abraham.
2. Chiyuda chaumulungu chimakhazikitsidwa monga lingaliro lofunikira la kukula kwa makhalidwe a anthu achiyuda.
3. Zamakono zimachokera pa kuzindikira Mulungu mmodzi, Yemwe amaweruza anthu onse, osati amoyo okha, komanso akufa.
4. Ntchito yoyamba yolemba za Chiyuda - Torah, yomwe imasonyeza mfundo zazikulu ndi malamulo.

Chipembedzo cha monotheistic - Islam

Chipembedzo chachiwiri chachikulu kwambiri ndi Islam, chimene chinawonekera pambuyo pake kuposa njira zina. Nthano iyi inabadwa ku Arabiya m'zaka za m'ma 7 AD AD. e. Chofunikira cha umodzi wokha wa Islam ndizotsatira izi:

1. Asilamu ayenera kukhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi - Allah . Iye amaimiridwa ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi makhalidwe abwino, koma pa digiri yabwino kwambiri.
2. Woyambitsa chikhalidwe ichi anali Muhammadi, yemwe Mulungu adamuonekera ndikumupatsa zivumbulutso, zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Qur'an.
3. Korani ndi buku loyera la Muslim.
4. Mu Islam, pali angelo ndi mizimu yoyipa, yotchedwa jinns, koma mabungwe onse ali mu mphamvu ya Mulungu.
5. Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi kukonzedweratu kwa Mulungu, chifukwa Mulungu amapanga cholinga.

Chipembedzo cha monotheistic - Buddhism

Chimodzi mwa zipembedzo zakale kwambiri za dziko, zomwe dzina lake limagwirizanitsidwa ndi udindo wofunikira wa woyambitsa, amatchedwa Buddhism. Panalipo pakali pano ku India. Pali asayansi omwe amawerengera zipembedzo zamtundu wina, kutchula izi pakalipano, koma kwenikweni sizingatheke kukhala ndi mulungu kapena mulungu. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti Buddha satsutsa kukhalapo kwa milungu ina, koma amatsimikizira kuti aliyense amamvera zomwe Karma amachita. Chifukwa cha ichi, pozindikira kuti zipembedzo zili zokhazokha, ndizolakwika kuti ndikhale ndi Buddhism mndandandawu. Zolinga zake zazikulu ndizo:

1. Palibe munthu kupatula munthu yemwe angakhoze kuimitsa kubwezeretsanso kwa "samsara" , chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zake kuti asinthe yekha ndi kufika ku nirvana.
2. Buddhism ikhoza kutenga mitundu yambiri, ndikuganizira momwe imavomera.
3. Malangizo awa akulonjeza kwa okhulupilira kuwomboledwa kuvutika, zochitika ndi mantha, koma panthawi yomweyi, sizikutsimikizira kusafa kwa moyo.

Chipembedzo cha monotheistic - Chihindu

Mtsinje wakale wa Vedic, womwe umaphatikizapo sukulu zosiyanasiyana za filosofi ndi miyambo, umatchedwa Chihindu. Ambiri, pofotokoza zipembedzo zazikuluzikulu, samaganiza kuti ndizofunikira kutchula malangizo awa, popeza omvera ake amakhulupirira milungu pafupifupi 330 miliyoni. Ndipotu, izi sizingaganizidwe moyenera, chifukwa lingaliro lachihindu ndi lovuta, ndipo anthu amatha kulimvetsa mwanjira yawo, koma chirichonse mu Chihindu chimaphatikizapo Mulungu mmodzi.

1. Ogwira ntchito amakhulupirira kuti Mulungu mmodzi wamkulu sangamvetsetse, motero amaimiridwa m'zinthu zitatu zakuthambo: Shiva, Vishnu ndi Brahma. Wokhulupirira aliyense ali ndi ufulu wodzisankhira yekha khalidwe limene angapange.
2. Izi zokhudzana ndichipembedzo zilibe mfundo imodzi, kotero okhulupirira amagwiritsa ntchito Vedas, Upanishads ndi ena.
3. Udindo wofunikira wa Chihindu umasonyeza kuti moyo wa munthu aliyense umayenera kupitilira chiwerengero chachikulu cha kubwerera m'mbuyo.
4. Karma ili m'zinthu zamoyo zonse, ndipo zochita zonse zidzasinthidwa.

Chipembedzo cha monotheistic - Zoroastrianism

Chimodzi mwa machitidwe achipembedzo akale ndi Zoroastrianism. Akatswiri ambiri achipembedzo amakhulupirira kuti zipembedzo zonse zam'dzikoli zinayamba ndi izi. Pali akatswiri a mbiri yakale omwe amanena kuti ndi dealistic. Izo zinkawonekera ku Persia wakale.

1. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zikhulupiliro zoyamba zomwe zinapatsa anthu kulimbika kwa zabwino ndi zoipa. Kuwala kumagonjetsa Zoroastrianism kumaimiridwa ndi mulungu Ahuramazda, ndipo mphamvu zakuda zikuyimiridwa ndi Ankhra Manui.
2. Chipembedzo choyamba chaumulungu chimasonyeza kuti munthu aliyense ayenera kusunga moyo wake moyera, kufalitsa zabwino padziko lapansi.
3. Chofunikira chachikulu mu Zoroastrianism si chipembedzo ndi pemphero, koma ntchito zabwino, malingaliro ndi mawu.

Chipembedzo cha monotheistic - Jainism

Chipembedzo choyambirira chachibadwidwe, chomwe poyamba chinali chizolowezi chosinthira mu Chihindu, chimatchedwa Jainism. Kuwoneka ndikulifalitsa ku India. Chipembedzo chokhachokha ndi Chi Jainism sichinthu chofanana, chifukwa ichi sichikutanthauza chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu. Mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Moyo wonse padziko lapansi uli ndi moyo umene uli ndi chidziwitso chosatha, mphamvu ndi chimwemwe.
2. Munthu ayenera kukhala ndi udindo pa moyo wake pakalipano komanso mtsogolo, chifukwa chirichonse chikuwonetseredwa mu karma.
3. Cholinga cha izi ndikutulutsa moyo ku zolakwika, zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zochita, malingaliro ndi zolankhula.
4. Pemphero lalikulu la Jainism ndilo mantra ya Navokar ndipo pakuimba kwake munthuyo amasonyeza ulemu kwa miyoyo yotulutsidwa.

Zipembedzo za Monotheistic - Confucianism

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Confucianism sichitha kuonedwa ngati chipembedzo, ndipo imatcha chikhalidwe chafilosofi cha China. Lingaliro la kukondweretsa umodzi kumatha kuwona kuti Confucius anali mulungu panthawi yambiri, koma zochitika zenizeni tsopano sizikuyang'ana pa chikhalidwe ndi ntchito za Mulungu. Confucianism m'zinthu zambiri zimasiyana ndi zipembedzo zamdziko lonse.

1. Zimachokera ku kukhazikitsa mwakhama malamulo ndi machitidwe omwe alipo.
2. Chinthu chachikulu pa chipembedzo ichi ndi kulemekezedwa kwa makolo, kotero mtundu uliwonse uli ndi kachisi wake pomwe nsembe zimapangidwira.
3. Cholinga cha munthu ndiko kupeza malo ake mogwirizana ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo pazimenezi ndikofunikira kusintha nthawi zonse. Confucius adalonjeza pulogalamu yake yapadera kuti azigwirizana ndi anthu okhala ndi chilengedwe.