Ngati mukukumana ndi matenda monga cytomegalovirus, ndi chiyani ndipo ndizoopsa kwa munthu - awa ndi mafunso oyambirira omwe mukufuna kufunsa katswiri. Mankhwala amasiku ano apitabe patsogolo kwambiri pakudziwika kwa matenda omwe sankadziwa kale. Cytomegalovirus ndi yochenjera, sikuti nthawizonse imapereka chithunzi chodziwika bwino, komanso momwe angachiritse matenda a cytomegalovirus kuti athetseretu kachilombo ka HIV ndi ntchito yofulumira kwa madokotala.
Kodi cytomegalovirus ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Cytomegalovirus (CMV) kapena cytomegaly ndi kachilombo kachinyamata kamene kanapezedwa mu 1956. Akatswiri a zazing'onoting'ono apeza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kameneka ndi kochokera ku banja la herpesviruses - kachirombo ka mtundu wake wa herpesvirus . Banja la Herpesvirus ndilolumikizana kwambiri ndi matenda onse omwe alipo mpaka pano, ndipo yachiwiri aliyense wokhala pa Dziko lapansi akuvutika ndi izi kapena njira imeneyi. Gwero la matenda ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi anthu okha.
Kufala pakati pa anthu ndi:
- 10-15% mwa achinyamata;
- mpaka 50% - gulu la zaka kuyambira 30 ndi pamwamba.
Kukhazikika kwa cytomegalovirus kumalo akunja kulibe phindu, sikulekerera kusintha kwa kutentha, kuzizira:
- pa t + 4 ° - ikugwira ntchito mpaka miyezi itatu;
- + 22 ° C (chipinda chapamwamba) - mpaka masabata awiri;
- + 37 ° C - kumaliza kutsegula kwa kachilombo kwa milungu iwiri;
- -22 ° C - amataya katundu wake pambuyo pa milungu itatu;
- ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet amafa maminiti 7.
Kodi cytomegalovirus imafalitsidwa bwanji?
Kodi cytomegalovirus (CMV) imawonetseredwa bwanji, ndi chiyani, ndi njira zotani zowonjezera zomwe zilipo - nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kachilombo ka HIV kamakhudza thupi. Kulowa mu thupi laumunthu, CMV "imati" mu maselo abwino. Matenda a cytomegalovirus omwe amapezeka mwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati, ana komanso okalamba omwe amafooketsa amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusankha njira zothandizira. Kwenikweni, njira yowowera kachilombo ka HIV ndiyo chilengedwe cha thupi. Apa ndi momwe matenda a cytomegalovirus amafalitsidwa:
- magazi - poika magazi, kuika thupi, kupweteka, kupaleshoni, nthawi yobereka (kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana);
- phula - njira yowonongeka (kuyimba, kulankhula ndi wodwalayo), kumpsompsona;
- nyemba, kuyamwa kwazimayi - panthawi yogonana;
- Mkaka - mwanayo amatenga kachilombo ka mkaka.
Kodi ndi cytomegalovirus yotani?
Maselo apachimunthu a munthu amayang'anira thanzi lake, ndipo amagwera m'ziwalo ndi machitidwe a munthu wathanzi amene ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu, cytomegalovirus amakhalabe mu nthawi yosalala (nthawi ya virion) kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi zina m'moyo. Koma zochitika zamakono zamakono zowononga kwambiri mphamvu zotetezera za thupi, kotero matendawa akuwonjezeka. CMV ndi ngozi kwa anthu:
- ndi kuchepetsa chitetezo cha ntchito (ana, okalamba, ofooka odwala);
- kuphatikizapo matenda ena, omwe amatchedwa "kusakanikirana": CMV ndi kachilombo ka HIV , CMV ndi matenda a hepatitis B, C amachititsa kuti mafupa onse adziwe bwino;
- amayi apakati - amadziwika kuti cytomegalovirus mukutenga mimba ingayambitse zotsatira za mutagenic ndi teratogenic m'mimba yomwe ikukula.
Matenda a cytomegalovirus
Kuwonetseredwa kwa matenda aliwonse kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo:
- matenda;
- nyengo ya prodromal (yosachedwa);
- mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro (gawo lovuta);
- kuchira kapena kusinthira ku mawonekedwe osatha ndi nthawi zakhululukidwa.
Maonekedwe a CMV amawonetseredwa kuyambira nthawi ya kachilomboka kufika pakupezeka zizindikiro zoonekera, kuyambira masiku 20 mpaka 60. Kuikidwa magazi kungakhale kofulumira kwambiri. Matenda a Congenital cytomegalovirus amapezedwa kudzera mwa njira yopititsa mwana kapena mwanayo kudzera mwa njira yobadwa nayo. Mtundu wapatali wa CMV mwana wakhanda uli woopsa chifukwa ukhoza kukwiyitsa:
- chitukuko cha jaundice cha khanda komanso kukula kwa chiwindi;
- splenomegaly ;
- Kuchepetsa magazi m'mimba;
- kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha.
Matenda a cytomegalovirus
Chizoloŵezi chosatha cha CMV chikuwonetseredwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matendawa motsutsana ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- mawonetseredwe a nyengo (m'dzinja-kasupe);
- zovuta za nthawi yaitali;
- chithandizo ;
- kusowa zakudya m'thupi (zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, zakudya zowonjezera, zowonjezera mchere komanso zovuta);
- moyo wachiwerewere.
Mwachizoloŵezi, maselo omwe kachilombo kamene kamalowa mkati mwake amawonongedwa: magalasi osakaniza, maselo a magazi, minofu ya lymphoid, ndi ziwalo za m'mimba. Maselo amakhala aakulu, kukula kwake kumatchedwa megalocytosis. Patapita nthawi, maselo "otupa" sangathe kugawaniza ndi kufa, kuchititsa kutupa kwa tizilombo toyandikana nawo, kumene kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa.
Cytomegalovirus - zizindikiro
Kodi Cytomegalovirus ndi zizindikiro ziti, ndi momwe mungazindikire kuti thupi lasokonezedwa ndi matenda opatsirana? Chizindikiro cha cytomegaly chovuta ndi chachilendo ndi chosafunikira komanso chofanana ndi maonekedwe ena. Dokotala wodziwa bwino angaganize kuti alipo matendawa, koma mawu omalizira nthawi zonse amakhala kumbuyo kwa kafukufuku wa wodwalayo. Kupeza momwe matenda a cytomegalovirus amadziwonetsera - zizindikiro zake nthawi zambiri zimadalira chitetezo cha mthupi.
Matenda otchedwa cytomegalovirus
Maonekedwe a cytomegaly salipo, munthu amakhala wathanzi, kawirikawiri ndi kuwonjezereka kungakhale ndi mkhalidwe wonga mononucleose momwe matenda a CMV omwe ali patali amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- mala;
- kumutu kwa mutu;
- kukhumudwa mwadzidzidzi ndi kunjenjemera kwa minofu;
- kutuluka thukuta;
- kawirikawiri rhinitis;
- ululu wa m'kati mwa minofu, ziwalo;
- kuchepa pang'onopang'ono m'masomphenya (kugonjetsedwa kwa maso);
- Kukulitsa ma lymph nodes pa tsamba loyambitsa kachilomboka;
- Kuphwanya kusamba kwa akazi, mucous ndi purulent discharge.
Ndi mawonekedwe osalimba, zizindikiro zimakula pang'onopang'ono, poyamba mwa mawonekedwe osiyana, koma m'kupita kwanthawi thupi limakhala lochepa. Nthawi zakutulukiranso zosiyana ndi kuyambiranso kwa zizindikiro. Zizindikiro za CMV kwa ana omwe ali ndi maonekedwe opatsirana (omwe amawoneka ndi zaka 2-3 ndi kufika zaka 8-9):
- kumva ndi kusokonekera kwa masomphenya;
- kawirikawiri ARVI;
- kupweteka kwa khunyu;
- kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kuphatikiza.
Matenda a cytomegalovirus
Zotsatira za matenda a cytomegalovirus mu mawonekedwe onse ali owonongeka kwambiri kwa thupi lonse. Chithunzi cha kuchipatala chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe amenewa ndi chowala kwambiri, zizindikiro zimakula mofulumira. Maonekedwe onsewa ndi osowa, omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu: kachilombo ka HIV, matenda opatsirana opatsirana komanso opatsirana pogonana, matenda akuluakulu a chitetezo cha mthupi. Zizindikiro za matenda a cytomegalovirus akuluakulu:
- malungo ndi kutukumula kwakukulu;
- mofulumira kukula kwa chibayo ndi matenda opuma, chifuwa chofooketsa;
- zilonda zamimba ndi perforation;
- kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha yowopsya;
- kutupa kwa retina wa maso;
- chotupa chamagulu.
Chizindikiro mwa ana obadwa ndi CMV:
- kupweteka kwa mawu;
- chorioretinitis;
- wosamva;
- khungu (atrophy ya optic mitsempha);
- hydrocephalus;
- chisokonezo;
- Kugonjetsedwa kwa dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha (kuphwanya malingaliro).
Kuzindikira matenda a cytomegalovirus
Kafukufuku wamakono wamakono m'nthaŵi yochepa kwambiri amavumbulutsira odwala matendawa chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa ayamba kale, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Kusanthula pa cytomegalovirus n'kofunika komanso pofuna kuteteza, pamene achinyamata okwatirana amakonzekera mimba. Pakati pa mimba, kuyezetsa magazi ndikofunika kwa mtendere wamumtima wa mkazi kuti mwanayo asanabadwe.
Magazi a cytomegalovirus
Ma antibodies enieni a cytomegalovirus amapezeka panthawi ya kuyesa magazi. Kuphunzira kotereku kumayang'ana ma immunoglobulin a IgG / IgM:
- IgG - kudziwika kwa gululi la ma antibodies sikukhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino. Ichi ndi chisonyezo chakuti zamoyo zakhala zikukumana ndi matendawa ndi kumenyedwa. Koma mtengo wina wa anti-IgG wodwalayo umayamba kupeza ngati titina yawo imadutsa kawiri kawiri - kutanthauza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakugwedezeka, kapena kukumana ndi kachilombo koyambirira kukuchitika.
- IgM ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha kukhalapo kwa wodwala opatsirana mthupi, mosiyana ndi IgG, ma antibodies amenewa amapangidwa ndi thupi poyamba, amawoneka m'magazi pambuyo pa masiku angapo, pamene symptomatology sichiwonetseredwe.
Kufufuza kwa PCR (mapuloteni ambiri a mapuloteni) - kuzindikira ndi kulekana kwa majeremusi a tizilombo ta tizilombo ta DNA kuti tiphunzire ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito CMV:
- zogwira mtima ndi zolondola mpaka 95%;
- Kufufuza kumachitika mkati mwa masiku awiri;
- Kuthamanga kwambiri kumathandiza kuzindikira matendawa pamayambiriro akale.
Cytomegalovirus mu smear
Kuzindikira matendawa sikungatheke, pokhapokha pa phunziro limodzi. Njira yodalirika imatithandiza kuti tipeze chithunzi chenicheni cha matenda. Cytomegalovirus mwa amayi amadziwika poyesa mkodzo mucosa ndi urethra. Cytology ya smear imathandiza kupeza ma antibodies a kachilomboka ndikuwona maselo omwe asintha kusintha kwa mkhalidwe chifukwa cha kuwononga kwa kachilomboka.
Cytomegalovirus - mankhwala
Chitsimikizo chachikulu cha thanzi ndi chopewa, koma momwe mungachiritse cytomegalovirus ngati matendawa atha kale kale? Ntchito ya dokotala ndiyo kukulitsa chidziwitso cha odwala: momwe angadziwire cytomegalovirus, ndiyani, zotsatira zake zingakhale bwanji ngati malingaliro achipatala akunyalanyazidwa ndipo malingaliro a dokotala sakugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo cha matenda a cytomegalovirus amawoneka motere:
- Maononucleosis ndi mawonekedwe ochiritsira sakufunika.
- Thandizo lachidziwitso limayesetsa kuthetsa zizindikiro.
- Ndi mtundu wa intrauterine (congenital) wa CMV, mankhwala a ganciclovir amalembedwa.
- Mndandanda wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Mankhwala a immunoglobulins amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chitetezo.
- Pamene zilonda zam'kamwa zimasowetsa ndi njira yothetsera furacillin, kusuta kwa zitsamba.
- Mafuta oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (acyclovir, tebrofenic, oxolinic) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumbo amtundu wamtundu wamkati.
- Mankhwala otsekemera kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chithunzi chachikulu.