Minofu yodzinso ndi gulu la glomeruli yotchedwa glomeruli. Amagwira ntchito zowonongeka, kuchotsa thupi ndi mankhwala owonjezera. Glomerulonephritis imayamba pamene glomeruli imakhudzidwa. Ndondomeko yamatenda nthawi zonse imakhudza impso zonse, imakula mofulumira ndipo imayambitsa mavuto.
Glomerulonephritis - Zimayambitsa
Pali mawonekedwe apamwamba ndi apakati a matenda omwe akufotokozedwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumayambira chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, impso glomerulonephritis ikhoza kuyambitsa maziko a zotsatirazi:
- nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ;
- Matenda a Alport;
- lupus erythematosus;
- Matenda a Fabry;
- Matenda a antiphospholipid;
- hepatitis C;
- mphutsi;
- posachedwa;
- Vuto la Coxsackie , Epstein-Barr;
- nodular periarteritis;
- amyloidosis;
- Matenda opatsirana ;
- Matenda a Shenlen-Henoch;
- zilonda zopweteka.
Mtundu wapadera wa nthenda yam'mimba glomeruli ndi matenda okhaokha. Mankhwala a post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis amayamba, nthawi zina mabakiteriya kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatulutsa ma antibodies enieni. Ngati sizinasunthidwe zokha, maofesiwa amadziwika mu glomeruli. Pambuyo pake, amachititsa kuti zotupazo zisokonezeke, ndipo chitetezo cha thupi chimayamba kuyambitsa ziwalo zake za impso.
Glomerulonephritis - mndandanda
Matenda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchitowa amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe amachitira. Akatswiri amadziwa kuti vutoli ndi losavuta komanso lachilendo la glomerulonephritis. Njira yoyamba ya matenda imatchedwanso kuti ikuyenda mofulumira kapena yoipa, imakhala ngati yoopsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli. Kawirikawiri n'zosatheka kuletsa mtundu wotchedwa glomerulonephritis - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo sizidalira wina ndi mzake, vutoli limaipiraipira ngakhale pa nthawi yoyenera ya mankhwala enaake. Mtundu uwu wa matenda umatha pa zotsatira zakupha mu 80% ya milandu.
Katundu wambiri wa glomerulonephritis umadziwika ndi kuyambira mofulumira ndi zizindikiro zoopsa. Poyambitsa matendawa komanso njira yoyenera ya mankhwala, imachiritsidwa popanda zotsatira. Ngati mankhwalawa adasankhidwa molakwika kapena matendawa atakula motalika, matendawa amapitirirabe. Mtundu uwu wa matenda uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Latent glomerulonephritis
Maina ena a mtundu wowonongeka wa renal glomeruli ndi ochepa, amkodzo. Pamene mukukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a glomerulonephritis, munthu amamva bwino, palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka. Kudziwa mtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu umathandiza kokha kukonzanso mkodzo. Zimasonyeza mapangidwe a mapuloteni ndi zigawo za magazi.
Glomerulonephritis ndi mawonekedwe aumwamba
Matendawa amatha kutchedwa matenda a Berger. Poyamba, ubwino umakhalanso wokhutiritsa, koma kenako kutentha kwa thupi kumapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zochepa ziwonjezeke komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magazi. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndizosafunikira, kotero mayesero a ma laboratory amafunika. Ndikofunika kufufuza mkodzo kuti mupeze matenda a glomerulonephritis - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo zimatsimikiziridwa pamene zigawo za magazi zimapezeka mu madzi akumwa:
- erythrocytes;
- mapuloteni;
- thrombocytes.
Glomerulonephritis ndi mawonekedwe a hypertonic
Imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya matenda, ndiyo pafupifupi 25% ya zilonda za glomerular. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa sikuthandiza kudziwa glomerulonephritis wosapitirira - mawonekedwe a hypertonic samakhudza kapangidwe kake. Chizindikiro chokha chofunika cha matenda omwe amachitikira ndi akatswiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa magazi. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachitika kuyambira masiku oyambirira a kukula kwa matenda ndikupitirira mpaka kukhululukidwa. Ndondomeko ya diastolic (kuchepetsedwa) ndiposa 95 mm Hg. Art.
Nephrotic glomerulonephritis
Matendawa amayamba ndi mawonetseredwe a chipatala. Pali mitundu yambiri yapamwamba komanso yovuta kwambiri ya glomerulonephritis yomwe ili ndi matenda a nephrotic. Amadziwika ndi shuga lamphamvu (anasarca), miyendo ndi mapuloteni ofewa, nthawi zina ascites (dropsy). Ndi kosavuta kuti akatswiri omwe amadziwika kuti a glomerulonephritis - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo amatsimikiziridwa ngakhale pa maziko a kafukufuku. Pa kafukufuku wowonjezera mu mkodzo mitsempha yaikulu, ndipo mu kulephera kwa magazi kwa albumin amapezeka.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya glomerulonephritis
Mtundu uwu wa matenda ndi kuphatikiza kwa hypertonic ndi nephrotic syndrome. Glomerulonephritis wosakanikirana amapezeka ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu yonse ya matenda. Icho chikufulumira kwambiri ndipo chingayambitse mavuto aakulu, motero imakhala ndi mankhwala opatsirana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilonda zam'mimba glomeruli imayambitsa kusintha kwa mkodzo (proteinuria ndi hematuria).
Glomerulonephritis - zizindikiro
Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha matenda omwe ali mu funso chikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa kayendedwe kawo ndi mtundu wake, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za mayeso a labotale. Mitsempha ndi glomerulonephritis amasintha malemba ake nthawi zonse (kupatula mawonekedwe osayika). Amasonyeza mapuloteni ndi maselo a magazi osiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zomveka za glomerulonephritis:
- miyendo, zikopa ndi zofewa zofewa;
- kusintha kwa mtundu wa mkodzo, maonekedwe a chithovu mmenemo;
- matenda opatsirana, makamaka kuthamanga kwa diastolic;
- ascites m'mimba;
- kuchepa kwa voti ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya mkodzo wosakanizidwa;
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- kupweteka kwa khungu;
- kufooka;
- chisokonezo;
- ululu ku dera la lumbar;
- kuchepa kwa njala.
Glomerulonephritis - Kudziwa
Choyamba, katswiri amafufuza mosamala wodwalayo ndikumufunsa mafunso, amatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za matendawa. Kuti chidziwitso chotsiriza chikuyenera kuyesedwa - ndi glomerulonephritis ayenera kudutsa mkodzo ndi magazi (biochemistry). Kuonjezerapo, maphunzirowa akutsatidwa:
- makanema a maginito kapena maginito;
- X-ray;
- chithandizo cha ultrasound;
- impso biopsy .
Glomerulonephritis - mankhwala
Mankhwala owononga glomeruli amasankhidwa malingana ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ndi kuuma kwake. Kuchiza kwa matenda a glomerulonephritis osapitirira panthawi yobwereranso, ziwalo zovuta kapena zosautsa zimaphatikizapo:
- kupuma kwapadera;
- kutenga mankhwala;
- kudya zakudya;
- Hemodialysis (panthawi yoopsa kwambiri, kuopseza moyo wa munthu).
Glomerulonephritis - mankhwala, mankhwala
Thandizo lachidziwitso limaperekedwa kokha ndi katswiri wotsatira zotsatira za kafukufuku wamagetsi ndi ma laboratory. Ndikofunika kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa glomerulonephritis - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matendawa zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo kumalimbikitsa. Nthaŵi zina, katswiri wa nephrologist angapereke mankhwala oteteza thupi la antiviral kapena anthemmintic agents.
Kuwonjezera apo, mankhwalawa akutsatiridwa kwa glomerulonephritis:
- hypotensive - Ramipril, Captopril, Cilazapril;
- immunosuppressants (kuphatikizapo glucocorticosteroids) - Nsonga, Solumedrol, Methylprednisolone;
- diuretics - Brinaldiks, Triamuteren, Hygroton;
- anticoagulants - Pelentan, Heparin, Phenylin;
- statins - Imuron, Chlorbutin, Cyclophosphamide.
Glomerulonephritis - njira zamakono zochiritsira
Njira zina zothandizira zimaloledwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha pokhapokha panthawi yovuta ya matenda. Kuchiza kwa glomerulonephritis ndi mankhwala ochizira kumathandiza kulimbana ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda (kutupa, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wotulutsidwa tsiku). Maphikidwe a zachilengedwe samachotsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a impso glomeruli ndipo samaimitsa njira yotupa, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo chothandizira.
Zitsamba zochokera ku glomerulonephritis
Zosakaniza:
- zouma birch masamba - 40-50 g;
- Mbewu ya thonje - 60-80 g;
- Wosweka mizu youma ya bokosi - 45-50 g;
- madzi - 500 ml.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito:
- Sakanizani zowonjezera zachilengedwe mu chidebe cha galasi.
- Thirani lonse osakaniza ndi madzi otentha ndi kuphimba.
- Limbikirani maola awiri.
- Sakanizani madzi ndi kutsanulira mu mtsuko woyera.
- Tengani kapu yachitatu ya mankhwala katatu patsiku.
Tea yochokera ku edema
Zosakaniza:
- Maluwa a chamomile amatsitsi - 10-15 g;
- udzu wa poyamba - 10-20 g;
- zipatso ndi masamba a black currant - 30-35 g;
- madzi otentha - 220 ml.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito :
- Sakanizani zowonjezera zosakaniza mu ketulo.
- Thirani zowonjezera ndi madzi otentha.
- Pemphani chithandizo pansi pa chivindikiro kwa theka la ora.
- Sungani madzi.
- Thirani kotala la galasi yothetsera vutoli ndikulipaka ndi madzi ofunda.
- Imwani mankhwala monga tiyi (mungathe kukoma) 4 pa tsiku.
Kudya ndi glomerulonephritis
Zakudya zoyenera (magome 7a kapena 7b a Pevzner) zimadalira mtundu wa matenda. Zakudya zovuta kwambiri zimaperekedwa ngati pulogalamu yamakono yotchedwa glomerulonephritis imapezeka - mankhwala amachititsa kuti mchere ukhale woletsedwa mndandanda (osapitirira 2 g patsiku) ndi kuchotsedwa mwamtundu wa zotsatirazi:
- nkhuku, nyama, nkhuku, nsomba;
- tirigu;
- lakuthwa masamba (radish, adyo, anyezi, radish);
- zonunkhira;
- mowa;
- khofi yolimba ndi tiyi;
- mdima;
- wolemera broths.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha mapuloteni sayenera kupitirira 40 magalamu patsiku. Ndibwino kuti muziphatikizanso mu masiku otsegula zakudya:
- zokoma (0,5 makilogalamu shuga ndi 550-600 ml ya tiyi ya zipatso kapena timadziti);
- vwende;
- mbatata;
- vwende;
- compote.
Pambuyo polimbitsa chikhalidwecho, kusiya kutukumula ndi kuthetsa kudzikuza, tebulo 7b kapena 7 imaperekedwa kwa Pevzner. Zakudyazi zowonjezera pang'ono, kudyetsedwa kwa magalamu asanu a mchere patsiku zimaloledwa, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta kumawonjezera. Ngakhalenso ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa thanzi, ndibwino kuti mupitirize kutsatira chakudya, kukana mafuta, zokometsera, zakudya zosuta ndi zokazinga.
Mavuto a glomerulonephritis
Mukapeza kuti matendawa ali pachimake, amachiritsidwa popanda mavuto nthawi zambiri. Nthaŵi zosaoneka kuti glomerulonephritis ndi zovuta - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo zimatha kufotokozedwa molakwika kapena matendawa amapezeka mu subacute kapena mawonekedwe osalekeza. Zotsatira zowopsya kwambiri za ululu wa glomerular ndi kulephera kwina. Ikupita patsogolo kwa zaka zambiri ndipo imatsogolera kumalo osinthika.
Zovuta zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya glomerulonephritis iwonongeke:
- chithandizo;
- matenda owopsa;
- magazi;
- mtima;
- eclampsia;
- kuwonetsa;
- kupweteka kwa m'mimba;
- uremia;
- edema ya pulmonary.
Glomerulonephritis - kupewa
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko chachikulu cha matendawa, ngati kulamulira kwa matenda a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi, akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala oyenera nthawi yake. Kupewa khungu la glomerulonephritis lachilendochi kumafuna kukonza moyo ndi zakudya kuti zisawonongeke.
- Musamamwe fodya ndi kumwa mowa.
- Onetsetsani kudya ndi kuchepetsa mchere ndi mapuloteni mu zakudya.
- Nthawi zonse muyese kuthamanga kwa magazi, tengani mkodzo kuti musanthule.
- Nthawi zambiri pitani kwa katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo.
- Pitani ku sanatorium ya mbiri.
- Pewani kugwiritsira ntchito supercooling.
- Sungani mlingo wa zochitika zamaganizo ndi zochitika.
- M'kupita kwa nthawi, chitani matenda komanso chitani zizindikiro.