M'dziko lamakono, mawindo a masitolo ambiri amadzaza zovala za opanga mtundu. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa wogula angakhale otsimikiza za khalidwe lake, komanso kuti izi kapena ndondomeko ya chovalacho imapangidwa malinga ndi zochitika zamakono. Machitidwe amasiku ano sangathe kuganiza kuti alibe moyo wokhala ndi zovala zokhazikika, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makina otchuka. Komabe, makampani ambiri okhala ndi mbiri yotchuka padziko lonse amagulitsa zovala, nsapato ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana pa mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Kampani yaikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya, kampani ya ku Swedish yomwe inagulitsa ndi kugulitsa zovala zapamwamba za H & M, imapereka katundu wake pamtengo wotsika mtengo, choncho pafupifupi aliyense angathe kulipira.
Mbiri ya mtundu wa H & M
Masiku ano, mazana a okonza akugwira ntchito popanga zovala za demokarasi, nsapato, zovala, zodzoladzola komanso ngakhale nsalu zapanyumba. Komabe, mbiri ya kampaniyo inayamba mu 1947. Erling Persson anayambitsa kampaniyo ku tawuni yaing'ono ya ku Sweden ya Västerås. Kenaka chizindikirocho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala za akazi okha. Poyamba, kampaniyo inkatchedwa Hennes. Mu 1968, kampaniyo inakulitsa malonda osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chogula malo ku Stockholm. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo chizindikirocho chimatchedwa Hennes & Mauritz ndipo chimapanga zovala kwa amayi ndi amuna.
Kuchokera mu 1970, malo ogulitsira kampaniyo sapezeka ku Sweden, komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri a ku Ulaya. Chizindikiro cha H & M chimawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo zovala zinali zofanana ndi anthu ambiri a ku Ulaya. M'zaka za m'ma 80, mwana wa Persson adapita kwa oyang'anira kampaniyo. Kugulitsa zovala pa mtengo wotsika popanda kusokoneza khalidwe ndilo lingaliro lake, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kampaniyo ikhale yopambana modabwitsa. Zogulitsa za mtunduwo zinayamba kufalikira kuzungulira dziko lapansi, ndipo chiwerengero cha masitolo chimayesedwa zikwi.
M'zaka za m'ma 2000, masitolo atsopano anatsegulidwa kamodzi. Ku Russia, H & M kampani ndi zovala zake zinabwera mu 2009. Chizindikirocho chinayamba kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokopa malonda mu zaka za m'ma 90. Kenako zojambula zake zinasindikizidwa m'magazini, nyuzipepala, zimagawidwa pamsewu ndi kuima. Kuti agwirizane, anthu olemekezeka padziko lapansi ndi zitsanzo zina adakopeka, mwa iwo ndi Claudia Schiffer . Kuti apange magulu ena, opanga mapulani monga Karl Lagerfeld, Roberto Cavalli, Stella McCartney ndi ena ambiri anayamba kuitanidwa.
Kodi mfundo ya kampani yotchuka ndi iti?
H & M kampani yotchuka imapanga zovala zapamwamba komanso zamakono pamsika wotsika kwambiri. Kwa zaka zonse za kukhalapo kwake, chizindikirocho chimatsatira kwambiri khalidwe labwino. Ngakhale kuti kampaniyo ikuyang'ana msika wamsika, izi sizikusokoneza ubwino wa mankhwala. Izi ndi zomwe zinapangitsa H & M kukwaniritsa kutchuka koteroko. Kwa zaka zambiri, H & M yatulutsa mathalauza osiyanasiyana, omwe ndi otchuka kwambiri, chifukwa amamangirira bwino.
Mzere wochokera ku H & M uli wofunikanso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri opanga mawonekedwe amaimira mitundu yosiyana kwambiri yomwe ingagwirizane ndi chikazi ndikupanga fanolo pachiyambi. Zovala kuchokera ku H & M zingathandize pa zochitika zilizonse ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakuyenderani bwino chifukwa cha kudula koyambirira. Jacket kapena malaya H & M ndithu adzamangiriza uta mumasewero onse omwe amapezeka komanso achizoloŵezi . Pa nthawi yomweyi, mungasankhe chitsanzo chomwe chimagwirizana ndi kalembedwe ndi kukoma kwake. Zikhoza kuvekedwa ndi chovala chovala ngati H & M jeans, zomwe kampaniyo imaperekanso muzinthu zazikulu.
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