Nthawi zambiri, anthu ogwira ntchito kunja ankayenera kutsimikiza diploma kapena kubwezeretsa.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti msonkhano wa Lisbon, umene Russia unaloledwa mu 1999, umanena kuti mayiko onse omwe asayina mgwirizanowu ayenera kuzindikira ma diplomas, mmoyo weniweni kuti izi sizichitika nthawi zonse.
Mwachitsanzo, malingaliro monga "injiniya", "dokotala wa sayansi" kunja kwa dziko alibe chidziwitso. Choncho, m'kupita kwa nthawi, pakufunika kulemba madipatimenti ku maiko akunja, kuti eni ake athe kupeza ntchito m'dziko lililonse popanda mavuto.
Mu 1999, ophunzira a Bungwe la Bologna analemba chikalata chakuti maphunziro apamwamba m'mayiko onse ayenera kukhala awiri: Bachelor - zaka 4, maphunziro apamwamba - zaka ziwiri.
Mu 2003, dziko la Russia linagwirizanitsa ntchitoyi, ndipo mu 2005 - Ukraine.
Mu 2009, boma lachiwiri la maphunziro linayamba kugwira ntchito ku Russia mwalamulo.
Mapunivesite ambiri ndi masunivesites ambiri asintha kupita ku maphunziro atsopano, koma kalasi ya maphunziro apamwamba (imodzi-mlingo) yatsala.
Pambuyo pa ophunzira a mtsogolo, omwe adaphunzira maphunziro a 11 , funsolo linayambira, ndi mtundu wanji wa maphunziro umene uyenera kusankhidwa?
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa digiri ya bachelor ndi apadera?
Dipatimenti ya Bachelor's ndilo gawo loyambirira la maphunziro apamwamba a maphunziro awiri. Mbali yachiwiri (yosakakamizidwa) mu dongosolo lino ndi magistracy, kapena wophunzirayo amayamba ntchito yodziwikiratu.
Specialty ndi dongosolo la maphunziro. Izi ndizo, zomwe ophunzira onse adaphunzira kale.
Ophunzira am'tsogolo amadzifunsa kuti: "Ndi chiyani chabwino, bakha kapena katswiri"?
Tiyeni tione zomwe bachelor's degree ikusiyana ndi zapadera, ndi maphunziro otani omwe ndi abwino kusankha.Kusiyana pakati pa bachelor degree ndi apadera
Pulogalamu ya Bachelor
Pofotokoza momveka bwino, baccalaureate ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Ambiri amachitcha kuti "yoperewera", ngakhale kuti digiri ya bachelor ndi maphunziro apamwamba.
Kuphunzira pa maphunziro apamwamba a maphunziro, wophunzirayo adzalandira maulendo a nthawi zonse kapena opanda pake chidziwitso chachikulu, chodziwika bwino cha apadera. Pamapeto pake, wophunzirayo adzalandira bwino kapena ayambe kugwira ntchito, kapena apitilize maphunziro ake mu magistri.
Zosangalatsa za digiri ya bachelor:
- diploma ya chitsanzo cha ku Ulaya;
- mwayi wopititsa digiri ya master ku Ulaya;
- nthawi yosankha pa chisankho ndikusintha zapadera kapena yunivesite.
Kuipa kwa maphunziro apamwamba:
- malingaliro a olemba ntchito kuti mabakiteriya ali otsika kwa akatswiri;
- kusowa malo opanda ufulu mu magistracy;
- malipiro apamwamba owerenga mu magistri pamalipiro;
- Kuloledwa ku sukulu kumaliza kungatheke pokhapokha atatha maphunziro.
Specialty
Specialty ndi maphunziro a zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (5-6) ku yunivesite.
Ubwino:
- maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri kwa olemba ntchito kuposa dipatimenti ya bachelor;
- maphunziro onse;
- mwamsanga mukhoza kupita kukamaliza sukulu.
Kuipa:
- zovuta ndi kuvomereza diploma kunja;
- zovuta za maphunziro aulere mu magistracy (popeza magistracy adzayesa maphunziro apamwamba);
- pamene akuphunzira mu magistracy wophunzira amalephera kuchedwa ndi ankhondo.
Kusintha kuchokera kwa katswiri kupita ku digiri ya bachelor ndikovuta. Zina mwazipadera, monga zanenedwa, sizinapite ku maphunziro awiri a zigawo, chifukwa n'zosatheka kukonzekera dokotala, kwa zaka 4.
Mmalo mosamukira ku maphunziro atsopano kwathunthu, ku Russia onse a digiri ya digiri ndipadera ndizofanana. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa baccalaureate pitirizani kuphunzitsa njira zakale. Mwachitsanzo, njira yosanja yolemba 100 sinagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti, posankha pakati pa digiri ya bachelor ndi apadera, kusiyana kumeneku kungamveke pokhapokha pa chiwerengero cha zaka zophunzira.
Tikukhulupirira kuti zomwe tapatsidwa zidzakuthandizani kusankha bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama komanso nthawi kuti mudziwe zomwe mukufunikira.