Pa September 27, 2016 pa webusaiti ya Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox panali uthenga umene Papa Patriarch anasaina pempho la nzika zotsutsa mimba ku Russia.
Olemba chikalatacho akuvomereza:
"Kuthetsedwa kwa chizolowezi chopha ana asanalowe m'dziko lathu"
ndipo zimafuna kuletsa kuvomereza ndi kuchotsa mimba za mimba. Amafuna kuzindikira kuti:
"Kwa mwana amene ali ndi pakati pa udindo wa munthu yemwe moyo wake, umoyo wake ndi umoyo wake uyenera kutetezedwa ndi lamulo"
Amathandizanso:
"Kuletsedwa kwa kugulitsidwa kwa kulera ndi kuchotsa mimba" ndi "kuletsa kwa njira zothandizira zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azilemekezedwa komanso kuphedwa kwa ana kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha" embryonic "
Komabe, maola angapo pambuyo pake mlembi wa nyuzipepala wa mkulu wa mabishopu anafotokoza kuti chinali chabe nkhani yochotsa mimba kuchokera ku OMC dongosolo, ndiko kuti, Kuletsedwa kwa mimba yomasuka. Malingana ndi Tchalitchi:
"Ichi chidzakhala chiyambi choyendetsa kuti tsiku lina tidzakhala mdziko lomwe sipadzakhalanso mimba."
Chigamulochi chatenga kale zowonjezera 500,000. Ena mwa omwe akuthandizira kuthetsa mimba ndi Grigory Leps, Dmitry Pevtsov, Anton ndi Victoria Makarsky, woyendayenda Fedor Konyukhov, Oksana Fedorova, ndi Anna Kuznetsova, yemwe ndi omulangizi wa ana komanso mkulu wa fuko la Russia.
Kuonjezera apo, ena a Bungwe la Russia akulola kuganizira lamulo la malamulo loletsa kuchotsa mimba ku Russia mu 2016.
Choncho, ngati lamulo loletsa kuchotsa mimba mu 2016 lidzalandiridwa ndipo lidzayamba kugwira ntchito, osati mimba yokha, komanso mapiritsi ochotsa mimba, komanso njira ya IVF idzaletsedwa.
Komabe, kupambana kwa chiyeso ichi ndizosakayikitsa.
Zochitika za USSR
Kumbukirani kuti kuchokera mu 1936 mu mimba za USSR zaletsedwa kale. Mchitidwewu unachititsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kufa kwa amayi ndi kulemala chifukwa cha chithandizo cha amayi kwa azamwali apansi ndi ochiritsa onse, komanso kuyesa kusokoneza mimba pawokha. Kuonjezera apo, pakhala kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha kupha ana osapitirira chaka chimodzi cha amayi awo.
Mu 1955, chiletsocho chinathetsedwa, ndipo chiŵerengero cha imfa cha amayi ndi makanda anagwa kwambiri.
Kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino, tiyeni titembenukire ku zochitika za mayiko kumene kuchotsa mimba kuli koletsedwa, ndipo tidzakamba nkhani zenizeni za akazi.
Savita Khalappanavar - wozunzidwa ndi "otsutsa moyo" (Ireland)
Mnyamata wina wa zaka 31, dzina lake Savita Khalappanavar, ankakhala ku Ireland, mumzinda wa Galway, ndipo ankagwira ntchito yokhala mano. Mu 2012 mkaziyo adapeza kuti ali ndi pakati, chimwemwe chake chinali chopanda malire. Iye ndi mwamuna wake, Pravin, ankafuna kukhala ndi banja lalikulu komanso ana ambiri. Savita anali kuyembekezera mwachidwi kubadwa kwa mwana woyamba ndipo, ndithudi, sankaganiza za kuchotsa mimba.
Pa October 21, 2012, pa sabata la 18 la mimba, mayiyo anamva kupweteka kosatha kumbuyo kwake. Mwamuna wanga anamutengera kuchipatala. Atafufuza Savita, adokotala adamupeza kuti ali ndi pathupi ladzidzidzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Anauza mkazi wosasangalala kuti mwana wake sakanatha kuwonongeka.
Savita anali wodwala kwambiri, iye anali ndi malungo, iye ankakhala akudwala nthawizonse. Mzimayiyo anamva ululu waukulu, ndipo kuwonjezera apo madzi anayamba kutuluka mwa iye. Anapempha dokotala kuti amuchotse mimba, zomwe zikanamupulumutsa kuti asachite magazi ndi chifuwa. Komabe, madokotala amatsutsa izi, ponena za kuti mwana wakhanda amamvetsera kulakwa kwa mtima, ndipo kubwezera ndi kulakwa.
Savita anamwalira mkati mwa sabata. Nthawi zonse iyeyo, mwamuna wake ndi makolo ake anapempha madotolo kuti apulumutse moyo wake ndipo anachotsa mimba, koma madokotala anaseka ndi kufotokozera mwaulemu achibale omwe anali achisoni kuti "Ireland ndi dziko la Chikatolika," ndipo ntchito zoterozo ndizoletsedwa. Pamene Savita akulira kwa namwino kuti anali Mmwenye, ndipo ku India akanatha kuchotsa mimba, namwinoyo anayankha kuti sizingatheke ku Katolika ku Ireland.
Pa October 24, Savita adatuluka padera. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yomweyo anachitapo opaleshoni kuti amuchotsere mwana wamwamuna, mkaziyo sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa - thupi lomwe layamba kale kutupa kwa matenda omwe adalowetsa m'magazi. Usiku wa pa 28 Oktoba, Savita anamwalira. M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, mwamuna wake anali pafupi ndi iye ndikugwira dzanja la mkazi wake.
Pamene, atatha kufa, mapepala onse a zachipatala adalengezedwa, Pravin adadabwa kuti mayeso onse, jekeseni ndi njira za dokotala zinkachitika pokhapokha pempho la mkazi wake. Zikuwoneka kuti madokotala sankakhudzidwa ndi moyo wake konse. Iwo anali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi moyo wa mwana wosabadwayo, umene mwinamwake sangathe kupulumuka.
Imfa ya Savita inachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azifuula komanso kuti azichita nawo misonkhano ku Ireland.
***
Ku Ireland, kuchotsa mimba kumaloledwa kokha ngati moyo (osati umoyo!) Wa mayi ali pangozi. Koma mzere pakati pa zoopseza za moyo ndi kuwopseza thanzi sizingathetsedwe nthawi zonse. Mpaka posachedwa, madokotala analibe malangizo omveka bwino, ngati n'zotheka kugwira ntchitoyo, ndipo zomwe sizingatheke, kotero iwo sankaganiza zochotsa mimba mobwerezabwereza chifukwa cha mantha. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Savita pokhapokha kusintha kwina kunapangidwira ku malamulo omwe alipo.
Kuletsedwa kwa mimba ku Ireland kunapangitsa kuti amayi a ku Ireland apite kukasokoneza mimba kunja. Ulendowu umaloledwa. Choncho, mu 2011, amayi oposa 4,000 a ku Ireland anachotsa mimba ku UK.
Jandira Dos Santos Cruz - amene anachotsa mimba pansi pa nthaka (Brazil)
Zhandira Dos Santos Cruz, yemwe ali ndi zaka 27, yemwe adasudzulana ndi atsikana awiri a zaka 12 ndi 9, adagonjera chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma. Mkaziyo anali pavuto lalikulu. Chifukwa cha mimba, amatha kutaya ntchito, ndipo abambo ake samakhalabe pachibwenzi. Mzanga wina anamupatsa khadi la kachipatala cha pansi, kumene nambala ya foni yokha inasonyezedwa. Mayiyo adaitana nambalayo ndipo anavomera kuchotsa mimba. Kuti ntchitoyi ichitike, anayenera kutaya ndalama zake zonse - $ 2000.
August 26, 2014, mwamuna wake wakale wa Zhandira pa pempho lake adamutengera mkaziyo ku basi, komwe iye ndi atsikana ena ena adatengedwa ndi galimoto yoyera. Dalaivala wa galimotoyo, mayiyo, adamuuza mwamuna wake kuti akhoza kutenga Zhandir tsiku lomwelo paimodzi komweko. Patapita kanthawi munthuyo adalandira uthenga wochokera kwa mkazi wake wakale: "Amandifunsa kuti ndileke kugwiritsa ntchito foni. Ndine wamantha. Ndipempherere ine! "Anayesa kulankhulana ndi Zhandira, koma foni yake inali itasokonezedwa kale.
Zhandir sanabwererenso ku malo oikidwa. Achibale ake anapita kwa apolisi.
Patangotha masiku ochepa, thupi lachikazi lokhala ndi miyendo yodula ndi milatho yapafupi linkapezeka mu thumba la galimoto yomwe yasiya.
Pa kufufuza, gulu lonselo lomwe linagwiritsa ntchito mimba zosavomerezeka linasungidwa. Zinachitika kuti munthu amene anachita opaleshoni Zhandire anali ndi zolemba zamankhwala zabodza ndipo analibe ufulu wochita ntchito zachipatala.
Mayiyo anamwalira chifukwa cha kuchotsa mimba, ndipo gululi linayesera kubisala mchitidwe wolakwira.
***
Ku Brazil, kuchotsa mimba kumaloledwa kokha ngati moyo wa mayi ukuopsezedwa kapena kubadwa kwachitika chifukwa cha kugwirira. Pankhani imeneyi, zipatala zamakono zimakula m'dzikoli, momwe akazi amachotsamo mimba chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri, nthawi zambiri m'malo amodzi. Malingana ndi National Health System ya Brazil, amayi 250,000 omwe ali ndi matenda pambuyo pochotsa mimba chaka chilichonse amapita kuchipatala. Ndipo nyuzipepala imanena kuti masiku awiri alionse chifukwa cha ntchito yoletsedwa, mkazi mmodzi amamwalira.
Bernardo Gallardo - mayi amene amatenga ana akufa (Chile)
Bernard Gallardo anabadwa mu 1959 ku Chile. Ali ndi zaka 16 mtsikana anagwiriridwa ndi mnzako. Posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti ali ndi pakati, ndipo anayenera kusiya banja lake, yemwe sakanathandiza kuti "abwere naye mwanayo". Mwamwayi, Bernard anali ndi abwenzi okhulupirika omwe anamuthandiza kuti apulumuke. Msungwanayo anabala mwana wake Francis, koma atatha kubadwa kovuta anakhalabe wosabereka. Mayiyo akuti:
"Nditatha kugwiriridwa, ndinali ndi mwayi wokhazikika, chifukwa cha kuthandizidwa ndi anzanga. Ngati ndikanasiyidwa ndekha, ndikanakhala ngati amayi omwe anasiya ana awo. "
Ndi mwana wake wamkazi Bernard anali pafupi kwambiri. Francis anakulira, anakwatira Mfalansa ndipo anapita ku Paris. Ali ndi zaka 40, anakwatira Bernard. Ali ndi mwamuna wawo adatenga anyamata awiri.
Mmawa wina, pa 4 April 2003, Bernarda adawerenga nyuzipepalayo. Mutu wina unathamangira m'maso mwake kuti: "Mlandu woopsa: mwana wakhanda anaponyedwa pamtunda." Bernard nthawi yomweyo adamva kugwirizana ndi mtsikana wamng'ono wakufa. Panthawi yomweyi, iyeyo adakali ndi mwanayo, ndikuganiza kuti mtsikana wakufayo angakhale mwana wake, ngati amayi ake sanamuponyedwe mu zinyalalazo.
Ku Chile, ana omwe amatayidwa amagawidwa ngati zonyansa za anthu ndi kutayidwa pamodzi ndi zinyalala zina zotsegula.
Bernard anatsimikiza mtima kuika mwanayo ngati munthu. Zinali zophweka: kuti abweretse mtsikanayo pansi, adatenga tepi yofiira, ndipo Bernard anayenera kutenga mwana kukonzekera maliro, womwe unachitikira pa October 24. Anthu pafupifupi 500 anapezeka pa mwambowu. Little Aurora - kotero Bernard adamutcha mtsikana - anaikidwa mu bokosi loyera.
Tsiku lotsatira, mwana wina anapezeka mu chiwonongeko, nthawiyi mnyamata. Anapanga kuti mwanayo adasungunuka pamapangidwe omwe adayikidwa. Imfa yake inali yopweteka. Bernard adatengera, nayenso anaika mwana uyu, kumutcha Manuel.
Kuchokera apo, iye anatenga ndi kupereka ana atatu ena: Kristabal, Victor ndi Margarita.
Nthawi zambiri amapita kumanda achichepere, komanso amayambitsa ntchito zowonongeka, kuika timapepala kuti tisawaponyedwe ana.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, Bernada amadziwa amai omwe adaponya ana awo mu zinyalala, akufotokozera izi ponena kuti alibe chochita.
Awa ndi atsikana aang'ono omwe adagwiriridwa. Ngati agwiriridwa ndi bambo kapena abambo ake, amawopa kuti avomereze. Kawirikawiri wakuba ndiye yekhayo amene amapeza ndalama.
Chifukwa china ndi umphawi. Mabanja ambiri ku Chile amakhala pansi pa umphaŵi ndipo sangathe kudyetsa mwana wina.
***
Mpaka posachedwa, malamulo a Chile ochotsa mimba ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuchotsa mimba kwaletsedwa kwathunthu. Komabe, mavuto olemera azachuma komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chawo zinakakamiza akazi kuti achite ntchito zosayenera. Amayi okwana 120,000 pachaka amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo. Achinayi mwa iwo anapita kuchipatala kuti akabwezeretse thanzi lawo. Malingana ndi ziŵerengero za boma, pafupifupi ana khumi aliwonse akufa amapezeka chaka chilichonse m'matope a zinyalala, koma munthu weniweni akhoza kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri.
Mbiri ya Polina (Poland)
Polina wa zaka 14, adakhala ndi pakati chifukwa cha kugwiriridwa. Iye ndi mayi ake anaganiza zochotsa mimba. Woweruza milandu anapereka chilolezo chochitira opaleshoni (lamulo la Polish limalola kuti mimbayo ikhale ndi mimba chifukwa cha kugwiriridwa). Mtsikanayo ndi amayi ake anapita kuchipatala ku Lublin. Komabe, dokotala, "Mkatolika wabwino", anayamba kuwaletsa iwo kuntchitoyi m'njira iliyonse ndipo anaitana wansembe kuti alankhule ndi mtsikanayo. Pauline ndi amayi ake anapitiriza kulimbikitsa kuchotsa mimba. Chifukwa chake, chipatalacho chinakana "kuchimwa" ndipo, kenaka, chinatulutsidwa kumasulidwa pa nkhaniyi pa webusaiti yathu. Mbiri inalowa mu nyuzipepala. Atolankhani ndi ovomerezeka m'mabungwe apamwamba anayamba kuopseza mtsikanayo kudzera pa foni.
Amayi anatenga mwana wawo wamkazi ku Warsaw, kutali ndi fodya. Koma ngakhale chipatala cha Warsaw, mtsikanayo sanafune kuchotsa mimba. Ndipo pakhomo la chipatala, Polina anali akuyembekezera kale gulu la anthu okwiya kwambiri. Anamuuza kuti msungwanayo asiye kuchotsa mimba, ndipo anaitanitsa apolisi. Mwana wosaukayo anagonjetsedwa maola ochuluka a mafunso. Wansembe wina wa ku Lublin nayenso anafika kwa apolisi, omwe anati Polina sakufuna kuthetsa mimba, koma amayi ake anaumiriza kuchotsa mimba. Zotsatira zake zinali zakuti, mayiyo anali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi ufulu wa makolo, ndipo Pauline mwiniyo anaikidwa m'malo osungirako ana, kumene sanatumizidwe foni ndikuloledwa kulankhula ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso wansembe.
Chifukwa cha malangizo "pa njira yoona," msungwanayo anali ndi magazi, ndipo adatchereredwa m'chipatala.
Chotsatira chake, amayi a Polina adatha kupeza ana ake aakazi kuchotsa mimba. Atabwerera kwawo, aliyense ankadziwa "zolakwa zawo". "Akatolika abwino" ankalakalaka magazi ndipo analamula kuti makolo a Polina aziimba mlandu.
***
Malinga ndi deta yosadziŵika, Poland ili ndi makina onse a zipatala zachinsinsi kumene akazi angathe kuchotsa mimba. Amapitanso kumalo osokoneza mimba ku Ukraine ndi ku Belarus komweko komanso kugula mapiritsi achi China.
Mbiri ya Beatrice (El Salvador)
Mu 2013, khothi ku El Salvador linaletsa mayi wazaka 22, dzina lake Beatriz, kuchotsa mimba. Mtsikana wina anadwala matenda a lupus komanso matenda a impso, omwe anali pangozi ya imfa yake pomwe anali ndi pakati. Kuwonjezera apo, pa sabata la 26 mwanayo amapezeka kuti ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, matenda omwe alibe ubongo ndipo amachititsa kuti mwanayo asakhale wochuluka.
Beatrice yemwe adapezekapo ndi a Ministry of Health adathandizira pempho la mayi kuchotsa mimba. Komabe, khothilo linaganizira kuti "ufulu wa amayi sungaganizidwe kukhala wofunikira poyerekeza ndi ufulu wa mwana wosabadwa kapena mosiyana. Pofuna kuteteza ufulu wa moyo kuchokera panthawi ya pathupi, kuletsa kwathunthu kuchotsa mimba kuli kovuta. "
Chigamulo cha khoti chinayambitsa mikangano ndi misonkhano. Ogwira ntchito amabwera ku chipinda cha Supreme Court ndi mapaleti "Tengani rozari yanu m'matumbo athu."
Beatrice anali ndi gawo losiya. Mwanayo anamwalira patangotha maola 5 atatha kugwira ntchito. Beatrice mwiniyo adatha kuchira ndikuchotsedwa kuchipatala.
***
Ku El Salvador, kuchotsa mimba kuli koletsedwa mulimonsemo ndipo kuli zofanana ndi kupha. Akazi ambiri "amagwedeza" nthawi yeniyeni (mpaka zaka 30) chifukwa cha mlanduwu. Komabe, zowononga zotere sizilepheretsa amayi kuti ayese kusokoneza mimba. Osauka amatembenukira kuchipatala chobisala kumene ntchito ikuchitidwa mkhalidwe wosalongosoka, kapena kuyesa kuchotsa mimba pawokha pogwiritsira ntchito zipika, zitsulo zamitengo ndi feteleza owopsa. "Kuchotsa mimba" kotereku, amayi amatengedwera kuzipatala zam'mudzi, kumene madokotala "amapereka" kwa apolisi awo.
Zoonadi, kuchotsa mimba ndi koipa. Koma nkhani zomwe tazitchulazi zikuwonetsa kuti sipadzakhalanso ubwino wochotsa mimba. Mwina, nkofunikira kulimbana ndi kuchotsa mimba mwa njira zina, monga kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro kwa ana, kulenga zinthu zabwino kuti aberekwe ndi mapulogalamu othandizira amayi omwe alibe amayi?