Matenda a Nephrotic - momwe mungapulumutsire impso?

Matenda a Nephrotic ndi matupi a thupi, omwe amawonongeka ndi impso ndipo amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zina zachipatala ndi ma laboratory. Kawirikawiri vuto lalikulu la matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu akuluakulu omwe sanakwanitse zaka 35.

Zifukwa za matenda a nephrotic

Nthenda ya nephrotic imadziwika ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa chipangizo cha glomerular cha impso, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi magulu a nephrons (machitidwe a ma impso) omwe amagawidwa magazi ndi kupanga mkodzo. Pali kusintha kwa makoma a glomerular capillaries ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuperewera kwao, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka mu mapuloteni ndi mafuta a metabolism, omwe akutsatiridwa ndi:

Ngati zovuta zimachitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo zalembedwa koyamba, matenda a nephrotic amayamba, ndipo kusintha kosavuta kumakhala kosavuta. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizinayambe, koma lingaliro lodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndilo lingaliro laumunthu. Nthano iyi imalongosola kukula kwa kusintha kwa matenda chifukwa cha kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kuchitidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antigen m'magazi.

Mwachiyambi, matenda a nephrotic amagawidwa pachiyambi (monga chisonyezero cha matenda a impso odziimira) ndi chachiwiri (chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi impso yachiwiri). Monga choyambirira, chikhoza kukhalapo pamatenda monga:

Matenda achiwiri angapangidwe kumbuyo kwa zilonda zotsatirazi:

Matenda a Nephrotic ndi glomerulonephritis

Kawirikawiri pali diso la glomerulonephritis ndi matenda a nephrotic, omwe amtundu wotchedwa glomeruli amadziwika ndi kutupa kwapatsirana, zomwe zimayambitsa streptococci kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chotsatira chake, chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe, tikamagwiritsidwa ntchito ku antigen, timakhala pamtunda wa glomerular ndikuyipitsa.

Matenda a Nephrotic ndi amyloidosis

Matenda oyambirira (idiopathic) nephrotic omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi amyloidosis ndi chifukwa chakuti m'mitsempha ya impso pali mavitamini a polysaccharide omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lisagwire ntchito. Pali kuphulika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa nephrons komwe kumapezeka kwambiri, kuchepa kwa epithelium ya tubules, ndipo impso zikukula kukula.

Matenda a Nephrotic ndi pyelonephritis

Matenda opatsirana komanso opweteka kwambiri a nkhumba zamphongo, calyx ndi renal parenchyma, omwe amachititsa kuti E. coli, asakhale ndi chithandizo chokwanira, amatha kusokoneza ntchito yowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matenda aakulu a nephrotic omwe amawopsa kwambiri.

Matenda a Nephrotic - zizindikiro

Edema mu matenda a nephrotic ndiwo mawonetseredwe aakulu a chipatala. Choyamba, kudzikuza kumawonekera pamaso (nthawi zambiri pansi pa maso), m'manja ndi m'mapazi, m'derali. Pambuyo pake, madzi amadziwika mu minofu yapansi ya thupi lonse. Zizindikiro zina zingakhalepo:

Ma laboratory akuluakulu a matenda a nephrotic akuwonetsedwa mu kuyesa mkodzo ndi magazi potsatira zizindikiro:

Matenda a Nephrotic - matenda osiyanasiyana

Pofuna kudziwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, kuzindikiritsa zovuta, kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku wochuluka wa nephrologist ndi anamnesis, matenda a nephrotic syndrome akuphatikizapo maphunziro angapo othandiza ndi ma laboratory:

Matenda a Nephrotic - urinalysis

Pamene pali kukayikira kwa matenda a nephrotic, mayeserowa amapereka mpata woti athe kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda, komanso kuti adziwe njira zamankhwala. Chimodzi mwa zovumbulutsidwa kwambiri ndi kugometsa, kumene, kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi mapuloteni okwezeka, magawo otsatirawa akuwonekera m'matenda awa:

Kuchiza kwa matenda a nephrotic

Ngati matenda a nephrotic akupezeka, chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitidwa kuchipatala kuti dokotala akhoze kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndi mankhwala achiritsi, ngati kuli koyenera kusintha. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha matenda oyambirira ndi matenda ena achilengedwe, omwe angapangitse matenda a nephrotic. Odwala amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti athe kupewa chitukuko cha thrombosis.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, njira yowonjezera yowonjezereka ya mapuloteni imatha, komanso magulu otsatirawa:

Cytostatics mu nephrotic syndrome

Mankhwala a nephrotic syndrome omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amafunika nthawi zambiri ngati palibe mankhwala a glucocorticosteroid kapena kuti palibe. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi mankhwala a mahomoni, omwe amakulolani kuchepetsa mlingo ndi kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake. Mankhwala awa amachita pa maselo ogawanika, kuwalepheretsa iwo kugawanitsa. Simungathe kutenga cytostatics mu mimba, cytopenia, nephropathy popanda zizindikiro za ntchito, kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana.

Kudya ndi matenda a nephrotic

Kutulukira kwa "nephrotic syndrome" - chizindikiro cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa nambala yachisanu ndi chiwiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha ndi mkodzo, kuchepetsa edema. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi chakudya ndi izi:

Zovuta za matenda a nephrotic

Matenda a nephrotic syndrome sangathe kokha chifukwa chosanyalanyaza njira zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kuti asatengere, kuperewera kwabwino, komanso chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri pa matenda a nephrotic ndi awa: