Mu munthu aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za amuna ndi akazi, mahomoni azimayi ndi abambo amapangidwa. Zikudziwika kuti ndi mahomoni a chiwerewere omwe amachititsa kwambiri thupi, ngakhale amayi ena sakudziwa zomwe amachitcha.
Kwa amayi onse, chiwalo chogonana chimakhala chosadetsedwa kwambiri ndi kayendedwe kake, komanso mlingo wa mahomoni opangidwa ndi thupi lake. Choncho, mahomoni amakhudza khalidwe la mkazi, chikhalidwe chake, maganizo ake, malingaliro ndi khalidwe lake lonse. Asayansi apanga mfundo yochititsa chidwi: mahomoni a abambo aakazi (estrogens), ali ndi chiwerengero chowonjezeka mu thupi la atsikana omwe ali ndi tsitsi la tsitsi.
Mitundu ya mahomoni
Mahomoni onse omwe alipo m'thupi la munthu akhoza kukhala okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe:
- mwamuna;
- akazi.
Oyamba adatchedwa androgens, ndi ma estrogens achiwiri. Mahomoni achikazi, omwe amaimira mahomoni ambiri omwe ali ndi mayina otsatirawa: progesterone, estrogen, estradiol, oxytocin, ndi testosterone . Hemoni yaikulu ya chiwerewere ndi estrogen, yomwe imabisika (yopangidwa) mwachindunji m'mimba mwake. Ndi iye amene ali ndi udindo wopanga maonekedwe a mtundu wazimayi, ali ndi mphamvu pa mapangidwe a chikhalidwe cha akazi.
Estrogen
Estrogens imakhudza mwachindunji mlingo wa kusinthika kwa maselo. Choncho, akazi, zomwe mahomoni ogonanawa ndi achilendo, amakhala ndi khungu labwino, loperewera, ali ndi tsitsi lakuda ndi lowala. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, estrojeni amakhala ngati chotchinga choteteza mitsempha ya magazi, kuteteza kupanga mapuloteni a kolera m'makoma awo.
Mukapezeka pamtunda wochepa (kusowa) kwa mahomoni amtundu wa isrogens, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusanthula, thupi lachikazi limayamba kukhala ndi makhalidwe achimuna, ndiko kuti kuwonjezeka kwa tsitsi kumaso, miyendo ndi manja. Khungu kumayambiriro akale limakula ndipo limakhala loyera.
Kudyetsa mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi m'chiuno, m'mimba, ndi matako kumawonjezereka. Komanso, msinkhu waukulu wa estrogen ndiwomwe umayambitsa chitukuko cha uterine fibroids.
Progesterone
Zosafunika kwambiri ndi hormone ya tizilombo toyambitsa zachiwerewere za progesterone. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti hormone iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yamwamuna, chifukwa imakhala mu ndende yaikulu ya thupi. Kukula kwa thupi lake lachikazi kumayamba ndi nthawi yomwe dzira limachoka ku follicle ndipo thupi limayamba kutseka thupi la chikasu . Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti progesterone mu thupi la mkazi siikonzedwa. Ndi hormone iyi yomwe imakhudza kuthekera kwa mkazi kutenga ndi kubereka ana. Kuchepetsa ma hormoni iyi pakakhala mimba yabwino kumabweretsa chitukuko cha mimba nthawi yoyamba.
Estradiol
Ndiyo mahomoni ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Amapanga zonse m'mimba mwa mazira ndi mu placenta pa nthawi ya mimba. Zing'onozing'ono zomwe zingapangidwe panthawi ya kusintha kwa testosterone.
Hormone imayambitsa kukula kwa thupi ndi mtundu wazimayi, komanso imatenga gawo limodzi mwachindunji pa kayendedwe ka msambo ndipo imayambitsa kukula kwa dzira.
Oxytocin
Zimapangidwa m'matenda a adrenal. Zimakhudza mwachindunji mkhalidwe wa mkazi, zimamupangitsa kukhala wofatsa komanso wosamala. Nthendayi imafika patatha nthawi yobereka.
Testosterone
Pang'ono pokha zimapangidwira m'matenda achikazi a adrenal. Ndi amene ali ndi zilakolako zogonana. Ndi kupitirira kwake, khalidwe la mkazi limakhala lopsa mtima kwambiri, ndipo maganizo amatha kusintha mofulumira.