Makalata a dziko lapansi

Mwamuna wakhala akuyamba kuganiza za kusunga chidziwitso chodziwika, za kupulumutsa ndi kubereka. Poyamba chidziwitso chonse chinasungidwa pa mapepala, mipukutu, mapiritsi. Koma nkhaniyi inafalikira kuzungulira dziko lapansi, siidakonzedwenso kotero kuti inali yopanda phindu. Laibulale yoyamba yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi kachisi ku Nippur. Kuchokera ku nthano za Dziko Lakale, timaphunzira za makalata a ku Greece, Egypt ndi Roma. Lero dziko lirilonse lili ndi laibulale yake ya State State, lirilonse, ngakhale tawuni yaying'ono, payenera kukhala ndi laibulale yapafupi. Monga kale, tsopano pali makalata akuluakulu a dziko lapansi, omwe angathe kunyada. M'zinthu zamtundu umenewu zimakhala ndi mabuku ambiri apadera, nyuzipepala ndi magazini. Mabuku osungirako mabuku ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa boma monga dziko, ngakhale kuti ali otsika pang'ono ku "main" mwa chiwerengero cha mabuku omwe athandizidwa.

Makalata odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Laibulale ya National of the United States kapena Library of Congress ndi imodzi mwa malaibulale akuluakulu padziko lapansi. Poyamba, pulezidenti yekha, vice-purezidenti ndi mamembala a Senate ndi US Congress angagwiritse ntchito. Kotero dzina linapita. Ili ku Washington ndipo tsopano ndilaibulale ya sayansi ya American Congress, mabungwe ofufuza, makampani ogulitsa mafakitale, sukulu.

Ku Austria, pafupi ndi Vienna, muli imodzi mwa mabuku osungiramo mabuku kwambiri padziko lonse - Library ya State Klosterneuburg, yomwe ili ndi mabuku oposa 30,000 akale.

Laibulale ya Duke wa Augustus ndi mndandanda wapadera wa Duke Wolfenbuttel wophunzira kwambiri, Augusto Wamng'ono, yemwe anasonkhanitsa mabuku kuyambira ali mwana. Agent ochokera konsekonse adadza naye mipukutu, yomwe adaikamo m'khola kukhala khola. Pa moyo wake, mfumuyo inasonkhanitsa mabuku ndi mipukutu yambiri yomwe msonkhano uno unkatchedwa "chisanu ndi chitatu cha zodabwitsa za dziko lapansi."

Makhomakhota a Strahov ku Prague ndi malo akale a zomangamanga a Czech. Muli kale zaka zoposa 800 pali nyumba yosungiramo mabuku. Mabuku akale kwambiri omwe angapezeke pano akufika m'zaka za m'ma XII. Makoma a zipinda, kumene mabuku amawasungira, amadzaza ndi mafasho. Laibulaleyi inatentha kangapo, inalandidwa, koma, ngakhale, mabuku ambiri ofunika adasungidwa. Tsopano pali mabuku oposa 130,000, mapepala okwana 1500 a osindikizira oyambirira, mipukutu 2500.

Makanema osamalidwa apadziko lonse

Masiku ano, m'zaka zamakono zamakono ndi intaneti, anthu ambiri, komabe amapitiliza kupita ku makalata. Kwa iwo, kumangidwanso nyumba zatsopano ndi zatsopano, zina mwazimene zimakhala zokongola ndi zojambula zachilendo:

M'dziko muli chiwerengero chachikulu cha malaibulale, ndipo, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wa chitukuko, pali nthawizonse anthu omwe saganizira moyo wawo popanda buku ili.