Matenda a khutu amapezeka nthawi zambiri makanda. Njira yotupa imatha kuonedwa ngati matenda osiyana, komanso vuto la mavairasi atsopano. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otetezeka m'mabanja si nthawi zonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zina, n'zotheka komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.
Kodi ndikufunikira antibiotic ya otitis?
Kusankha mtundu wa mankhwala pa matendawa kumadalira mtundu wa otitis, zaka za mwana, siteji ya kutupa. Antibiotic mu otitis siigwiritsidwe ntchito pa njira yofatsa komanso yochepa ya matendawa. Zikatero, mungathe kulimbana ndi matendawa mothandizidwa ndi madontho, mafuta onunkhira, ma balmu, omwe makinawo amamveka m'makutu. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti ndalama zoterezi ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi dokotala yekha. Njira zosankhira bwino zopangira mankhwala zingakhudze thanzi la mwanayo.
Kuchiza kwa otitis ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kawirikawiri kumachitidwa ndi mawonekedwe opanda chilema kapena achilendo. Pachifukwachi, mankhwalawa amapangidwa m'njira yovuta. Pamodzi ndi maantibayotiki, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- anti-inflammatory;
- painkillers.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kutupa khutu mwa mwana nthawi zambiri kumapanga molingana ndi mtundu:
- chowopsa otitis media;
- zovuta zovuta otitis.
Mu mtundu woyamba, gawo la pakati la khutu limakhudzidwa. Izi zikuphatikizika ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, kotero n'zosatheka kuti tisiye kuyamba kwa matendawa. Otitis media ya pakati khutu kwa ana nthawi zambiri amayambitsa mabakiteriya, koma nthawi zina zingakhalenso mavairasi. Pakati pa tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a pachimake otitis media:
- pneumococcus ;
- haemophilus influenzae ;
- kupuma kwa sycytial virus (rsv);
- HIV;
- adenovirus;
- rhinovirus.
Kuchulukitsa otitis media kumaphatikizidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi m'kati mwa khutu. Palibe zizindikiro za matenda (ululu, kutupa, kulengeza sikuwonetsedwa). Kuzindikira matendawa n'kovuta. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amadutsa okha, kotero simukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo. Madokotala amatenga njira zowonongeka, kuyang'anira thanzi la mwanayo, kuyesa kafukufuku nthawi zonse.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza otitis popanda mankhwala?
N'zotheka kuchiza mwana wa otitis popanda mankhwala. Pofotokoza mankhwala ndi kusankha njira yothandizira, madokotala amalingalira zinthu zingapo:
- zaka za mwana;
- kupweteka kwa matenda;
- zotsatira za kufufuza.
Kuchiza kwa ana mpaka zaka 2 kumakhala kawirikawiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nkofunika kuti makutu onse kapena amodzi akhudzidwe. Muwopsya, mtundu wa purulent wa matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki sungakhoze kuchita. Kuonjezerapo, ngati zizindikiro za otitis sizingatheke patapita masiku 2-3 a chithandizo chamankhwala, funso limakhalapo chifukwa choika mankhwala. Mankhwalawa ayenera kulembedwa ndi dokotala basi.
Kodi ndi antibayotiki ati amene ndiyenera kutenga ndi otitis?
Kusankha kwa mankhwala kumadalira kwathunthu mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri, kuti mudziwe mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timagwiritsa ntchito, tiyese kufufuza kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera kumutu kapena kutulutsa thupi. Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumatsimikiziridwa payekha. Pafupipafupi, kulandira ndalama zoterozo kumatenga masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri. Pa ana osapitilira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi amatha kukhala masiku khumi (ndi mtundu woopsa wa otitis). Pakati pa magulu ogwiritsidwa ntchito a antibiotics:
- penicillin;
- cephalosporins;
- macrolides .
Penicillin mu otitis
Kulankhula za mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iwo amalekereredwa bwino ndi thupi la mwana, ali ndi zotsatira zochepa. Amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala monga mapiritsi, ndi kuyimitsidwa (kwa makanda). Mlingo, mafupipafupi ndi nthawi ya mankhwala akuwonetsedwa ndi dokotala payekha.
Penicillin ndi othandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amayesetsa kuthetsa kukula kwawo, kuteteza chitukuko ndi kubereka. Pakati pa mapulani omwe ali ndi gawoli:
- Amoxicillin;
- Flemoxin ;
- Amoxiclav;
- Sulfatamycilin.
Cephalosporins ndi otitis
Kuchiza kwa otitis kwa ana omwe ali ndi maantibayotiki akhoza kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi gulu ili la mankhwala. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene kusagwirizana kwa thupi la penicillin. Cephalosporins imatchula kuti antitimicrobial effect ndipo sizimayambitsa vutoli. Pakati pa kukonzekera kwa kagulu kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ana, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa:
- Chithunzi;
- Aksetil;
- Omnitsef.
Gwiritsani ntchito maantibayotiki kuti muzitha kuwateteza kwa ana mosamala. Cephalosporins yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yaitali ikhoza kuwononga vitamini K. Ichi chimatenga mbali yogwira ntchito ya hematopoiesis, yogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo. Madokotala amaganizira zimenezi, akufotokoza ma antibayotiki a otitis kwa ana. Ngati kuli kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito cephalosporins, asayansi amatha kupatula nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito masiku asanu.
Macrolides mu otitis
Mankhwalawa amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza otitis ana. Zimathandiza kwambiri poyang'anira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Gram. Kuphatikiza apo, macrolides amachititsa kuti pulogalamu ya chitetezo cha mwana iwonongeke, zomwe zimasiya kupitiriza kutupa. Chifukwa cha kutetezeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, antibiotic iyi yotsegula khutu sivomerezedwa kwa ana oyambirira.
Pakati pa kukonzekera kwa gululi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a ana, wina akhoza kusiyanitsa:
- Clarithromycin;
- Roxithromycin;
- Azithromycin.
Mankhwala abwino kwambiri othandizira otitis
Mankhwala a antibiotic mu otitis mwana ayenera kusankhidwa payekha. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, dokotala wa ana amaganizira zinthu zingapo:
- zaka za mwana;
- mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- siteji ya matenda.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zidazi, zikhoza kutsutsidwa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amathandizira bwino pazochitika zonse sizipezeka. Makolo ayenera kutsata malangizo a dokotalayo ndipo asawonetse mwana wawo momwe mankhwalawo akuyendera, omwe, malinga ndi bwenzi, adamuthandiza. Zochita zotero zingamuvulaze mwanayo.
Amagwera m'makutu ndi otitis ndi maantibayotiki
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pochiza matenda a khutu. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti otitis akudwala, madontho a antibiotic ndiwo malo oyamba pa pepala lokonza ana. Zina mwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito ana:
- Neladex ndi yokonzekera limodzi yokhala ndi antibiotic ndi chida chotsutsa-zotupa. Pakatha kale instillation, zizindikiro za kutupa zimachepa: kupweteka kumachepa, kudzikuza kumachepa. Izi zimakhalapo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa glucocorticosteroid m'madontho. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ana okalamba, patapita zaka 12.
- Ciprofarm - mankhwala amatanthauza fluoroquinolones. Gulu ili la maantibayotiki limaletsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mabakiteriya a Gram-negative). Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira ali ndi zaka 15.
Kuimitsidwa mu otitis
Pofuna kulandira ana, mankhwala oletsa antibacterial monga kuyimitsidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Izi zimakhala chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kutsegula ndi kuyendetsa mankhwala. Mankhwala oterewa a purulent otitis angapangidwe kuti azitsata ana. Zina mwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kuphatikiziridwa ndizithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala omwe amamasulidwa ngati mawonekedwe a m'kamwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mankhwala ali ndi kukoma kokoma, kotero ana amazitenga mwachimwemwe. Mlingo umawerengedwa ndi dokotala ndikuganizira kukula kwa thupi kwa mwanayo. Tengani mankhwala 1 nthawi patsiku.
- Augmentin ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ankagwira ntchito yochizira ana kuchokera miyezi itatu. Tengani katatu patsiku, mlingo wawerengedwa payekha.
- Kupanga - kumatanthauza cephalosporins. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitira otitis media pakati pa khutu la pakati pa ana oposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mlingo ndi mlingo wa phwando zimayikidwa ndi dokotala wa ana.
Antibiotic m'mapiritsi
Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otitis m'mafilimu oterewa kwa ana oposa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi amatchulidwa mofanana ndi mapiritsi. Zina mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa:
- Clacid ndizithunzi zambirimbiri. Muwongolera mawonekedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzitsa ana kuyambira zaka zitatu. Mlingo ndifupipafupi za phwando zimayikidwa payekha. Nthawi yovomerezeka ndi masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu (14-14), malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa.
- Amoxiclav - mankhwala opha tizilombo a penicillin, omwe amaimira amoxicillin, penicillin, clavulanic acid. M'mapiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza ana a zaka zoposa 12. Mlingo umawerengedwa molingana ndi kulemera kwa wodwala wamng'ono.
Majekeseni mu otitis
Antibiotic yotsegula khutu m'mwana mwa mawonekedwe a jekeseni imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mankhwala ndi mapiritsi ndi kuyimitsidwa sikugwira ntchito. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zina mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera jekeseni:
- Ceftriaxone ndi cephalosporin wa m'badwo wachitatu, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana , purulent otitis. Mlingo umawerengedwa ndi dokotala. Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira kubadwa.
- Cefazolin - ufa wokonzekera njira yothetsera jekeseni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ana kuchokera mwezi umodzi.
- Cefipim - adasankhidwa mwapadera. Zowuma chifukwa cha kukonzekera kwa infusions (jekeseni). Ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri omwe ali ndi mndandanda wa zotsatira zake. Mwana wakhanda ndi makanda amapatsidwa mankhwala kuchipatala pansi pa diso la maso la madokotala.