Melanoma - mankhwala

Matenda a Melanoma ndi chotupa choopsa chomwe chimachokera ku maselo omwe amachititsa kuti mitundu ikhale ndi mapiritsi. Imeneyi ndi chiwopsezo choopsa kwambiri chomwe chingathe kupezeka mu retina ya diso, mucous membranes, koma nthawi zambiri pakhungu. Mmene tingachitire khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka lero, tidzakambirana zambiri.

Matenda oyambirira - mankhwala opatsirana a khansa ya khansa

N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti, malinga ndi kafukufuku, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa imazindikira zizindikiro zoopsa kwa nthawi yaitali (nthawi zina zoposa chaka), koma mwina sanyalanyaza, kapena poyamba akugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a khansa kunyumba kapena mankhwala. Nthawi zina ngakhale katswiri wodziŵa zambiri amavutika kupeza chiyambi choyamba cha vuto la birthmark. Kufotokozera za matendawa kumafuna chidziwitso ndi kafukufuku wake.

Njira zamakono komanso zosadziwika pophunzira khungu la khungu likupezeka, pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a digito ndi makompyuta (microscopy epiluminescent, kufufuza ma fluorescence, scanning multispectral, etc.). Kuti mudziwe njira yowonjezeramo, kuyang'ana kwa metastases kumagwiritsa ntchito photoacoustic, ultrasound, maphunziro a chikhalidwe.

Njira zothandizira khansa ya khansa

Chimene chimachititsa kuti chitukuko cha khansa chisamadziwike mpaka pano, ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo cha matendawa. Komabe, zimalimbikitsa kuti pochiza mankhwala a khansa ya khansa yapakiteriya yapita patsogolo ndipo lero ndi kotheka kuchiza matendawa, koma pakalipano pokhapokha pazigawo zoyamba.

Njira yaikulu yothandizira khansa ya khansa ndi opaleshoni. Pazigawo zoyamba njirayi ikuwoneka ngati njira yokhayo yokwanira yothetsera. Matenda a melanomas amatha kuchotsedwa kamodzi, ngati sangakulire ku maselo am'mimba . Koma ngakhale pazochitika zoterezi, kufufuza nthawi zonse kumafunika kuonetsetsa kuti matendawa sanabwerere.

Pambuyo pake, pamene chotupacho chikufutukuka, chimakhudza thupi. Choncho, kupatula opaleshoni, njira zina zimayenera: chemotherapy , immunotherapy ndi mankhwala (radiation) mankhwala.

1. Chemotherapy cholinga chake ndicho kulepheretsa njira zamagulu zogawidwa mofulumira kwa maselo otupa.
2. Immunotherapy imachokera pa kayendetsedwe ka antitumor ndi kusokoneza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zingalepheretse kufalikira kwa metastases.
3. Kuchiza mazira - kuwonongeka kwa maselo a khansa mwa kuyambitsa ma radiation - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasitepe amtsogolo, ndi masitima akutali.

Ngati pali chosowa cha zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zili pafupi ndi chotupacho, biopsy ya imodzi ya izo ikuchitidwa; Mukagonjetsedwa, chotsani mitsempha yonse ya dera lino.

Mankhwala atsopano a melanoma kunja

Kupezeka kwa zipangizo zamakono, zatsopano zimatithandiza kusintha njira zamakono zochizira komanso kupanga atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero osiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, zokopa zachipatala zikufalikira, zomwe zimalola kulandira khansa ya khansa ndi matenda ena kunja - ku Israel, Germany, China, ndi zina zotero.

Njira zatsopano zothandizira khansa ya m'magazi ndi izi:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa laser , ndi mankhwala a photodynamic (pofuna kuchotsa khansa).
2. Katemera ndi ntchito za katemera zomwe zimayambitsa maselo oopsa popanda kuwononga thanzi labwino.
3. Njira ya Gene ndiyo njira yodalirika kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala apadera kuthetsa jini chifukwa cha kupatulidwa kwa maselo oopsa ndi kukula kwa chotupa.

Njira za mtundu wa mankhwala a khansa ya khansa

Chithandizo cha khansa ya khansa iyenera kuchitika pokhapokha pa zikhalidwe za bungwe lapadera, palibe njira zamtunduwu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi sizitha kuchepetsa kulandila thandizo la akatswiri, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, komanso kumawopsa kwambiri.