Njira yabwino yothetsera, monga kuyang'anizana ndi mwala, imapereka chithandizo cha chilengedwe chachilengedwe ndi chithumwa chakale. Mfundozi zimathandiza kuti nyumbayi ikhale yosangalatsa, komanso kuti iteteze makoma ake kuti asawonongeke.
Kukumana ndi nyumba ndi mwala
Miyala yamtengo wapatali yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso nyumba zaka mazana ambiri. Tsopano, kuwonjezera pa zojambula zachilengedwe, kupaka khoma ndi miyala yokongoletsera ndi yotchuka, zipangizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kukongoletsa kunja kwa mabwalo , zozungulira, mipanda, komanso kukongoletsa mkati. Pa vuto lirilonse, mtundu wawo wa mtundu umasankhidwa, iwo amasiyana mu kapangidwe, mtundu wa mtundu, mawonekedwe, makulidwe.
Kuyang'anizana ndi facade ndi mwala
Makoma a kunja kwa miyala ndi olimba, othandiza, mwakhama kuthana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Kuyang'anizana ndi chipinda cha nyumbayo ndi mwala wachilengedwe kumatsindika za udindo wapamwamba wa mwini nyumbayo. Ogulitsa amapereka zowonjezera zazikulu zowonjezera pakhomo lakunja - kuchokera kumatalala ofewa kapena miyala ya miyala yamagazi kuti ikhale yaikulu kwambiri. Poyang'anizana ndi mwala, mfundozo zimadulidwa mu mbale zosiyana siyana.
Kuphatikiza miyala yosiyana siyana ndi zojambula muzokongoletsa, mungathe kukwaniritsa zochititsa chidwi. Cholinga cha nyumba chingatsanzire njerwa yosalala, khoma lopangidwa ndi miyala yamtchire kapena yakale. Mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zakuthupi, ndi zotsika mtengo, ndipo mawonekedwe a nyumbayo sakuvutika ndi izi. Zilema zimalengedwa pa maziko a zisamere, zomwe zimabwereza maonekedwe ndi chithandizo cha masoka analog.
Kulimbana ndi mzerewu ndi mwala
Pambuyo pomanga maziko a njerwa kapena konkire, iyenera kutetezedwa ndi kukongoletsedwa, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto lomwelo - kuyang'ana mwalawo. Kwa izi, zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- granite;
- marble;
- chithunzi;
- dolomite;
- manda;
- mchenga wa shell;
- quartzite;
- shale.
Mazikowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mababu, amathera mwamphamvu, amatha kusunga mtundu ndi maonekedwe ooneka bwino. Kulimbana ndi chombocho ndi miyala yochepetsera kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, chifukwa mphamvu zowonjezera sizomwe zimakhala zochepa kuposa zoyambirira, monga za konkire. Kunja, mwala ukuwoneka ngati mwala wachilengedwe, ukhoza kutsanzira mtsinje, thanthwe, ndi miyala. Mtundu uliwonse wazinthu umapezeka m'maonekedwe opangidwa komanso osapangidwa.
Kukumana ndi mpanda wamwala
Mipanda ya monolithic iyenera kuikidwa ndi zinthu zokongola, moyang'anizana ndi mwala ndi njira yabwino kwa izi. Adzapanga mpanda kukhala wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino, akuwonekera mwachidwi m'madera ozungulira. Kukumana ndi mwala wa chilengedwe kumathandiza kukongoletsa zonse mpanda watsopano, ndikukonzanso mzere wakale, komabe mpanda wolimba.
Pali kusiyana kosiyana kwa mapeto - kawirikawiri maziko ndi zipilala za kapangidwe zimapangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wa mwala ndipo amaziphatikiza ndi zofiira kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ena. Zinthuzo zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi njerwa, zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, zitsulo za konkire. Zipangizo za bajeti - miyala ya shell, sandstone, miyala yamakona - ndi yotchuka yokongoletsera. Mwala wamtengo wapatali umasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wachilengedwe wobiriwira.
Kuphimba khomo ndi miyala yokongoletsera
Mitsewu yokongoletsera ndi miyala yokongoletsera imathandiza kuteteza makoma kuti asawonongeke, kuvala ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zokongoletsera ziwiri ndi kunja. Webusaitiyi imakongoletsedwa mofanana pamtunda wonse, mozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri za bokosi, chitsanzocho chimapangidwa ndi m'mphepete mwachitsulo, gawo lochepa la zokongoletsera likhoza kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kuposa pamwamba.
Kawirikawiri chokongoletserachi chimaphatikizidwa ndi kukongoletsa kumbali ya makompyuta kapena mkati mwa chipinda, mbali zina za makoma. Kulimbana ndi chipilala ndi mwala wokongoletsera (kutanthauza, kutseguka popanda zitseko) kumawoneka okongola kwambiri, mtundu uliwonse wa ndime ukhoza kupezeka - timagulu ting'onoting'onoting'ono, tchimake, tomwe timapanga. Ndi mwala, pulasitala, matabwa a matabwa, nkhuni zili pamodzi.
Kuyala pansi ndi miyala pansi
Chipinda chamkati ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi yotsika kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri. Koposa zonse, ndi zoyenera nyumba zazikulu ndi nyumba zazing'ono, zimasandutsa nyumba yachifumu. M'makono amakono monga chophimba pansi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwala wotere:
- Marble, amakoka maonekedwe, kuwala, kukondana kosangalatsa.
- Granite, ili ndi chithunzi chazithunzi.
- Travertine, ali ndi mawonekedwe opaque, palette - kuchokera mchenga mpaka bulauni.
- Slate, zabwino-zopangidwa ndi zosagwirizana pamwamba.
- Onyx, chida chosakanikirana ndi mitsempha yokongola kwambiri.
Zimasiyana muzokongoletsera zawo ndi makhalidwe awo - porosity, mphamvu. Mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa zokongoletsera - wokumbidwa ndi mwala mwa mawonekedwe, zojambulajambula kapena zokongoletsera zokongola. Zithunzi za chithunzichi zimadulidwa pa zipangizo zamakina, zimasonkhanitsidwa pansi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimapukutidwa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapepala apadera omwe amachititsa kuti kukanika kukhale kovuta.
Kukongoletsa malo amoto ndi miyala yokongoletsa
Malo amoto amadziwika ndi miyala, chifukwa zinthu zoterezi zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, komanso zimatentha kwambiri, sizikudzaza ndi poizoni. Mothandizidwa ndi zokongoletsera, n'zotheka kudula malo omwe sitingathe kuwapeza m'kati mwa nyumbayi, kukongola kwakukulu kwa zinthu zopangidwa mokonzekera kumapangitsa kuti zipinda zowonongeka ndi zowona zikhale zovuta.
Zida zakuthupi zokongoletsera malo, zimagwiritsa ntchito miyala ya marble, granite ndi zosakwera mtengo - mchenga, miyala yamchere, mphika, zomwe zimapereka kutentha bwino. Malo amoto amatsirizidwa ndi miyala yopangidwa ndi simenti yomwe imadzazidwa ndi dothi lachilengedwe kapena dothi lowonjezera. Lili ndi mawonekedwe ndi maonekedwe osiyana, omwe amathandiza kupanga cholengedwa chapadera cha malo.
Kukumana ndi chitofu mumsamba wosambira
Pofuna kumaliza mapepalawo amasankha zinthu zomwe zingathe kudziunjikira ndikupereka kutentha. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina osiyana-siyana - pansi amaika zazikulu, pamwamba - zochepa. Kukumana ndi mwala wa chilengedwe kuphika m'madzi - mitundu yofala:
- Talcochloride, akamatenthedwa, imatulutsa mavitamini a umoyo wathanzi.
- Wajade, wotsika mtengo, akamatenthedwa, amakhala ndi phindu pavuto.
- Chotchedwa Quartzite, chokhazikika, chiri ndi mithunzi yambiri yokongola.
- Phalafini, kwa nthawi yaitali amakhalabe ndi kutentha kwakukulu mu chipinda cha nthunzi, akuchiritsa katundu.
- Diyabasi, ili ndi mphamvu yochepa ya madzi, imalola kubzala nthunzi zambiri.
Kukumana ndi mwala wokongoletsera
Kuyang'anizana ndi chipinda choyang'anapo ndi mkati mwazitali za nyumba ndi mapepala pansi pa mwala kapena analogue zachirengedwe ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wa chilengedwe, mphamvu zake ndi kudalirika. Izi zikhoza kukhala, monga kukwanira kwathunthu, ndi kukhazikitsa zidutswa zake. Musanayambe kuvala m'pofunika kudziwa mtundu wa zinthu, mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu, kuti mubwere ndi zosankha zogwirizanitsa masonto ndi malo ena.
Kukumana ndi mwala wachilengedwe
Zowonongeka kwa nkhopeyi ndi miyala yachilengedwe ikhoza kukhala yopitirira kapena yopanda phindu, pamene zinthu zina zapangidwe zimadulidwa - zotseguka, ngodya, mawindo, mabwalo, zipinda, zipilala. Pofuna kuti makomawo aziwoneka okongola, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zakuthupi zosatulutsidwa ngati "matalala", ndi opukutidwa, opukutidwa. Mitundu yotchuka ya mwala wachilengedwe:
- Granite, ili ndi granular structure, amphamvu, mtundu pelette - wofiira, pinki, bluish-wobiriwira, bluish-imvi. Granite yayamba bwino, imatha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe.
- Gulu la Gabbro, lamwala wonyezimira, lili ndi mtundu wochokera ku gray-green mpaka wakuda. Osauka amapeza kuya kwakukulu.
- Porphyry, ali ndi zoperekera za mchere. Zinthuzo ndi zokongoletsera, makamaka zakuda zakuda kapena zofiirira.
- Chotchedwa Quartzite, chokhazikika, chosagwira chisanu, chabwino. Mitundu - imvi, pinki, yachikasu, chitumbuwa chokongoletsera kwambiri.
- Marble, ali ndi mafilimu, amawotcha, amawonetsa kuya kwake ndi mtundu wake (woyera, imvi, wachikasu, wobiriwira, pinki).
Kulimbana ndi mwala wamtchire
Kuti nyumba ikhale ngati nyumba yakale yochokera ku Middle Ages, kuyang'ana kwa nyumba ndi mwala wamtchire ukugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhaniyi, yomwe imalengedwa ndi chilengedwe, ili ndi zizindikiro zogwira ntchito, siziopa mvula kapena mphepo. Ili ndi dongosolo la mtundu wolemera, lomwe limalola kuti pakhale magwiridwe apadera pamene makoma okongoletsera - kuphatikizapo ndi pulasitiki, njerwa kapena matabwa opukutidwa.
Mwala wam'tchire umapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yayikulu yamwala imene imagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso zosiyana kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zovuta komanso zosagwirizana. Mu mulu wotere sipadzakhala ngakhale awiri a miyala yofanana - onse amasiyana. Pofuna kumaliza kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yosiyanasiyana - marble, granite, shell rock, sandstone, slate, dolomite.
Kukumana ndi mwala wosweka
Mwala wamtundu wambiri ndi chinthu chodula chokhala ndi chiwalo chokhala pansi, mbali yam'mbuyo imakhala ndi mpumulo wamtundu wovuta kapena wobiriwira. Mipata ya mtundu uwu musadye ndipo musadye. Zotsatira zake, kuyang'ana kwa makoma ndi miyala yokongoletsera, chipinda cha nyumba, chingwe, chipilala kapena chinthu china chilichonse chamkati chimakhala ngati mbali ya nsanja ya m'zaka zapakatikati, nsanja yamakedzana kapena thanthwe lamwala.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo zotsatirazo, mausinkhu osiyana a mwala wong'ambika amasankhidwa, zigawo zofanana pakati pawo zimafanana ndi ming'alu yam'mwamba. Mapangidwe awa pansi pa masiku akale ndi mawonekedwe amakono a mkati. Kumaliza kupweteka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipinda, zipinda zogona, khitchini, maholo. Zimayang'ana bwino ndi mtengo wa oak pansi, mipando yamatabwa, kukongoletsera, kumanga padenga.
Kukumana ndi mwala wa Dagestani
Muyenera kudziwa kuti gulu lonse la miyala yamtengo wapatali yotchedwa shell rock, dolomite, limestone ndi sandstone zimatchedwa mwala wa Dagestani, umene umayendetsedwa m'madera a Dagestan. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera ndi mchenga kuti ikhale yofiirira ndi imvi. Matalala akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa bwino komanso malo opumulira. Zinthuzo zimadziwika ndi mpweya wapamwamba wokhazikika, wabwino kutenthetsa thupi ndi mphamvu.
Kuyang'ana nyumbayo ndi mwala wa Dagestani kumawoneka wokongola ndipo umalongosola za kukhalabe kwa eni ake, ngakhale kuti ndalama zake ndizochepa - ndizochepa mtengo, mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zodabwitsa. Pa chophimba chimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, mwa zosiyana zimapatsa zokongola mapangidwe apangidwe.
Kukumana ndi miyala yopangira
Zida zakuthupi ndi zokwera mtengo ndipo zimafuna ntchito zambiri, chifukwa kuyang'ana pamakoma ndi miyala yokhalapo ikudziwika kwambiri. Sichikuwoneka bwino kuposa zachirengedwe, ndipo nthawi zina chimakhala chowoneka bwino komanso chowoneka bwino, chimatumikira nthawi yaitali, chimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino, zimakhala zotetezeka komanso zimatsutsana ndi nyengo iliyonse. Zinthuzo n'zosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa.
Mitundu yowoneka bwino ngati sandstone ndi mitundu yake, granite, miyala yamakona, imapangidwa ngati matayala ozoloŵera kapena osagwirizana. Kujambula ndi miyala yokongoletsera kudzataya kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zowonongeka, kumachepetsa katundu pamakoma ndi maziko a nyumbayo. Okonza amapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za kuyala - masitepe, mbali, zigawo ndi mabowo a mabowo, ebbs, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupanga pamwamba.