- Ali kuti: Kimberley, South Africa;
- Momwe mungayendere: kwaulere, pa nsanja yokuwonera;
- Maola oyendera: 09.00-15.00;
- Chinanso chochititsa chidwi: nyumba yosungiramo zamigodi mumzinda wa Kimberley, masitolo a diamondi osinthidwa
Phiri la Kimberlite Phokoso lalikulu ndi depositi ya diamondi yomwe yatha, yomwe ili mumzinda wa Kimberley, m'dziko la South African Republic .
Lero, Big Hole ku South Africa akuonedwa kuti ndi malo osati mzinda wokhawo, koma dziko lonse - ndikokukopa alendo. Ngati mutasankha kukachezera Republic of South Africa, onetsetsani kuti mupeze mwayi wopita ku Kimberley.
Mbiri ya migodi ya diamondi
Migodi ya diamondi ku South Africa yalola kuti dziko lizitha kutsogolera pa dzikoli, komanso kutaya "mutu" wokondweretsa "Dziko la Dziko Lachitatu." Malingana ndi ziwerengero, South Africa ndi mmodzi wa asanu ogula padziko lonse miyala yamtengo wapataliyi. Komanso muyesoyi anali monga:
- Angola;
- Canada;
- Russia;
- Botswana.
Chinthu choyamba pa gawo la South Africa wamakono chidzapeza mu 1866 - monga mbiri imanena, daimondi inanyamula mumtsinje ndi mnyamata wa Orange akusamalira zinyama pamunda wa Di Kalk wapafupi. Linakhala mwala wachikasu, waukulu umene unadutsa makapu 21.
Koma chotsatira chachikulu ndi mwala wolemera makiloti 83, omwe anapeza a ana a mlimi omwe anali ndi munda womwewo. Diamond amatchedwa dzina lokongola "Star of South Africa". Izi zinali zolimbikitsa kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nsomba iyi ku South Africa. Makampani oyambirira anayamba miyala yamiyala pafupi ndi famu mu 1871. Zotsatira zake, ma diamondi a South Africa adabweretsa zopindulitsa kwambiri - osati kwachabe lero dziko silimangoyamba kwambiri pa continent, komanso likupitiriza kukula kwake patsogolo.
Kuchokera apo, chiwopsezo chenicheni cha diamondi chasakaza dziko. Zonsezi zinapezedwa ku South Africa, migodi ingapo idamangidwa, koma imodzi yaikulu nthawi yayitali inali minda yotseguka ku Kimberley, diamondi yomwe inali yoyera kwambiri.
Gombe lalikulu - mbiri ya minda yaikulu kwambiri
Mgodi womwe tsopano sungatheke ku Kimberley City unalandira dzina losavuta koma lomveka - Big Hole. Iwo amadziwika bwino ngati ntchito yaikulu kwambiri, yopangidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse.
Kwa zaka zoposa 40 - mpaka chaka cha 1914 - pafupifupi anthu okwana 50,000 ogwira ntchito m'migodiyi, akulikulitsa ndi mapepala wamba, makoswe ndi mafosholo. Ndi ntchito yamanja, anthu adatenga matani oposa 22 miliyoni kuchokera kumtunda.
Panthawiyi, pafupifupi makilogalamu 2700 a miyala yamtengo wapatali. Malingana ndi ziwerengero zovomerezeka, ndi 14.5 miliyoni carats. Pakati pa miyala yambiriyi inali yotchuka, yodabwitsa komanso yeniyeni, monga ya diamondi:
- De Beers akulemera makapu 428;
- Porter-Rhodes magalasi 150 ndi ena.
Ngakhalenso kunja kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komabe chochititsa mantha kwambiri ndizimene zimayendera mgodi:
- chiwerengero chonse chikuposa mahekitala 17;
- m'lifupi - pafupifupi mamita 500;
- miyeso yoyenda pambali - mamita 1600;
- kuya - mamita 240, koma kenako pansi kunathiridwa pathanthwe pang'ono, lomwe linachepetsa kuya kwa mamita 215.
Pakali pano, pansi pa Great Hole, nyanja yomwe ili ndi mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi anayikidwa.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, monga momwe ofufuza adakhalira, pafupifupi zaka milioni 100 zapitazo kunali chiphalaphala pamalo pomwepo minda - gwero la lava linali pafupi makilomita 97. Izi ndi zomwe zinalimbikitsa kupanga ma diamondi m'malo ano - kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwa nthaka kunapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zina zomwe zimathandizira kuoneka kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Kimberley yamasiku ano
Pakali pano, Kimberly ndi mzinda wamakono, wotukuka. Zili ndi chirichonse cha moyo wabwino:
- misewu yosungidwa bwino;
- zolemba;
- mahotela ambiri ndi mahotela;
- zachikhalidwe, museums.
Mwachibadwa, oyendayenda amakopeka ndi Great Hole, komwe ndi maulendo omwe amayendayenda. Mwachitsanzo, makamaka pa kayendetsedwe ka alendo ku malo okongola kwambiri a mzindawo, misewu yowonongeka. Pamphepete mwa minda yanga yakale, malo owonetsera otetezeka ndi otetezeka adalengedwa.
Komanso mumzindawu muli museum wapadera wa mining, momwe mbiri ya diamondi ndi golide imaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale tsopano, patatha zaka zoposa 100 kutseka kwa mindayi, ikupitiriza kubweretsa phindu kwa mzindawo komanso anthu okhalamo.
Zizindikiro za kugula diamondi ku Republic of South Africa
Ngakhale kuti migodi ya diamondi ku South Africa yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka pafupifupi 150, zimathabe kupeza zitsanzo zapadera m'migodi ndi migodi.
Kotero, zaka zingapo zapitazo mu imodzi ya migodi yakale kwambiri ya Cullinan inapezedwa phindu lalikulu - kulemera kwake kunali 232 makapu. Malingana ndi akatswiri, mtengo wa diamondi ukhoza kufika madola 15 miliyoni.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti miyala yovuta imaletsedweratu kutumiza kunja kwa dziko. Ngati mukufuna kugula diamondi ku South Africa, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kupita kumalo ena, omwe ndi malo ogulitsa zodzikongoletsera kapena malo ogula, omwe ali pafupi ndi migodi, migodi, komwe kuli maulendo ambiri.
Kugula miyala yamtengo wapatali m'dzikoli ndi kopindulitsa - ndizosavuta. Pamsitomala, muyenera kusonyeza chilolezo cha sitolo kwa zodzikongoletsera zomwe mwagula. Mukamachoka, mukhoza kuitanitsa msonkho wa msonkho ndikubwezeretsani 14% ya ndalama zogulira. Mwa njira, alendo akukumana ndi chilango choopsa chifukwa chochotsedwa kwa diamondi kuchokera ku South Africa - kotero musayese kunyenga akuluakulu a boma.
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