Chigawo cha Chiyuda

• Adilesi: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1
• Ground: XI mkati
• Kumalo: 8.81 mahekitala

Mzinda weniweni wa Chiyuda ku Prague uli pakati pa Old Town Square ndi mtsinje wa Vltava. Lero chigawo cha Josefov ndi gawo lapadera la mzindawo ndi nyumba zokhala ndi ulemu. Pomwepo panali aang'ono okhala Ayuda, otchedwa "Prague ghetto". Mzinda wamakono uno wa Chiyuda ndi malo osungirako malo osungirako zinthu: umasungira chuma chambiri chodziwika bwino chomwe alendo onse a Prague amalakalaka kukachezera.

Mbiri ya gawo lachiyuda la Josefov ku Prague

Mbiri ya chigawo cha Josefov ku Czech Republic ndi yodabwitsa komanso yamwano, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Okhazikika achiyuda anaonekera kuno chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 11, ndipo pambuyo pa zaka mazana asanu onse a Ayuda a Prague anakakamizidwa kuti akhazikitsidwe pano. Umu ndi mmene "ghetto ku Prague" inayambira. Anthu a chigawo cha Chiyuda anali kukhala ovuta kwambiri, iwo anali ophwanya chirichonse:

• mu Mzinda Watsopano, iwo analetsedwa kuwonekera;
• nyumba za kunja kwa ghetto sizikanatha kugula;
• iwo analipira msonkho wapamwamba kwambiri mu dziko;
• pa zovala ziyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiritso;
• Kwa zaka mazana ambiri Ayuda adamva zowawa za anti-Semitic zoopsa.

Zinthu zinasintha kokha pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800. pamene Ayuda analandira ufulu wofanana ndi Akhristu. Kenaka adatha kukhala m'dera lililonse la mzindawo. Malo amtundu wa Ayuda adatchedwa "Josefov" pofuna kulemekeza Mfumu Josef II, yemwe adasintha zinthu zotsutsana ndi Ayuda a ku Czech.

Malire pakati pa zaka za IXX ndi XX. anawononga ambiri a chigawo cha Chiyuda ku Prague: misewu yatsopano inayikidwa pano. Komabe, zipilala zapamwamba ndi zomangamanga zinasungidwa. Tsamba loopsya komanso lowawa la mbiriyakale ya chi Yuda ndi kubwera kwa chipani cha Nazi. Ayuda atawonongedwa kwathunthu, adakonza kuchokera kumtunda uno kuti apange nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungirako anthu. Ndi chifukwa cha chisankho chotere cha Hitler, amene malamulo ake ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolambirira anabweretsedwera pano, ndipo kotala la Josefov linasungidwa. M'munsimu mungathe kuona chithunzi cha malo a Chigawo cha Ayuda ku Prague pamapu.

Zojambula za Chigawo cha Chiyuda ku Prague

Josefov ndi chikumbutso chapadera cha chikhalidwe chachiyuda, chomwe chilibe chofanana ku Ulaya. Ulendo wotsogoleredwa pa ulendo wanu ku malowa adzakhala nyenyezi ya David, yomwe yaikidwa pano pafupi pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse. Chosangalatsachi chowoneka mu Quarter yachiyuda ku Prague:

1. Sunagoge Watsopano-Watsopano . Ichi ndi chikumbutso chakale kwambiri chachipembedzo ndi malo opatulika auzimu a ku Prague, omwe anamangidwa mu 1270. M'mbuyomu yake yakale, sizinasinthe mawonekedwe ake oyambirira.
2. Msinagoge wapamwamba. Pakati pa 1950 mpaka 1992, iyo inali malo osonyeza Prague Jewish Museum. Pambuyo pa kumangidwanso mu 1996, sunagogeyo inakhala nyumba yopempherera ya Ayuda a ku Prague.
3. Msonkhano wa Majzel. Imodzi mwa mapemphero okongola kwambiri mumzinda wa Josefov ku Prague. Anamangidwa mu 1592 ngati sunagoge wa a rabbi wa ghetto ndi khoti la mfumu ya mfumu Rudolph II Mordechai Meisel. Lero sali ngati nyumba yopemphereramo, koma ngati malo a Jewish Museum.
4. Sinagoge wa Pinsk. Anamanga kuyambira zaka 1519 mpaka 1535. Ngakhale kuti zakhala zikubwereza mobwerezabwereza kumanganso, adakalibebe zinthu za Renaissance ndi Gothic. Tsopano nyumbayi ndi chipilala chotchuka kwa anthu omwe anaphedwa ndi chipani cha Nazi komanso pakati pa chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda.
5. Klaus sunagoge. Kumapezeka pafupi ndi Manda Achiyuda Achikale. Mu 1689 adaphedwa ndi moto, koma kale mu 1694 sunagoge inabwezeretsedwa, ndipo kale kalembedwe ka Baroque. Mu nyumba yopemphereramo muli chiwonetsero cha State Jewish Museum.
6. Sinagoge wa ku Spain. Nyumba ya Ayuda yopemphereramo inamangidwa mu 1867. Chikhalidwe cha Moor chimapezeka mu zomangamanga, chifukwa ndi zosangalatsa komanso zowoneka bwino kwa Ayuda. Kuphatikiza pa cholinga chachikulu, nyimbo zoyimira ndi ziwonetsero zimakhala mkati mwa makoma ake.
7. Yerusalemu kapena sunagoge wamasabata. Lalikulu kwambiri, lokongola komanso lamakono, linamangidwa mu 1906. Ngakhale kuti sunagoge uli kwenikweni kunja kwa Ayuda Quarter, ndi mndandanda wa zochitika zake.
8. Nyumba Yachiyuda . Nyumbayi kuyambira mu 1577 ndi malo oyamba a Ayuda a Prague. Ali pafupi kuzungulira ku Sunivesite Yakale. Ola la alendo oyenda ndi makalata Achiheberi, akuyenda mofulumira.
9. Manda akale achiyuda . Chimodzi mwa zipilala zofunikira kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda. Kumalo ano anthu opitirira 100,000 amikidwa m'manda, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo cha Ayuda.
10. Chithunzi cha Rabbi Levi. Analengedwa mu 1910 ndipo adaikidwa pa ngodya ya New Town Hall. Wojambula L. Shaloon anapambana mwangwiro pamene myuda, mphunzitsi, rabbi ndi woganiza adatenga m'manja mwa mtsikana wamng'ono maluwa omwe, malinga ndi nthano, imfa yake inabisika.
11. Chithunzi cha Mose. Paki yomwe ili pafupi ndi sunagoge ya Staronovo mu 1937, panali chikumbutso cha mkuwa kwa mneneri, chomwe chimatchula dzina la Adamu mu mpukutuwo. Mbambande, yomwe inalengedwa mu 1905 ndi F. Bilek, pa nthawi ya ntchitoyi inasungunuka ndi fascists. Chifukwa cha chitsanzo cha pulasitiki, chimene mkazi wamasiye wa ojambulayo anapulumutsa, ntchito ya luso linabwezeretsedwa mu mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi.
12. Chikumbutso ndi chipika cha chikumbutso cha Franz Kafka. Wolembayo anabadwira mu ghetto ya Chiyuda, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti chipika cha chikumbutso chinamangidwa pamsewu wa Mayzelova, kumene ankakhala. M'chaka cha 2003, pafupi ndi sunagoge wa ku Spain, chinsalu chosadziwika chojambula chojambula chojambula J. Ron chinakhazikitsidwa, chosonyeza wolembayo atakhala pamwamba pa suti yopanda kanthu.
13. Galimoto ya Robert Guttmann. Nyumba yosindikizira inatsegulidwa mu 2001. Kumalo muno mukhoza kuyamikira ntchito ya ojambula zithunzi ndi achinyamata ojambula achiyuda.

Kodi mungagule chiyani mu Quarter yachiyuda?

Inde, kudera la alendo kwambiri ku Prague muli masitolo ambiri, masitolo ogulitsa nsomba ndi mahema. Kuchokera ku zikondwerero zachikhalidwe mungagule magetsi, ndalama, mapepala osonyeza mapepala osiyanasiyana a Quarter ya Ayuda ku Prague. Palinso zikumbutso zomwe zidzakukumbutseni ndendende za kuyendera "Prague ghetto" - izi ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana za dothi Golem, kupemphera a rabbi, mitundu yonse ya phala la nyenyezi ya David ndi kip.

Chigawo cha Chiyuda ku Prague - Kodi mungakafike bwanji?

Gawo la Josefov liri gawo la Old Prague ndipo liri la dera la Prague 1. Msonkhano wa Quarter ya Ayuda ku Prague: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1. Mungathe kubwera kuno monga chonchi:

• yendani kuchokera ku Old Town Square, yendani pa Pařížská msewu pafupi 150-200 mamita;
• pa metro pamzere wobiriwira, pitani pa siteshoni Staroměstská;
• Pamiyala Yathu 17,18, pitani ku stop Staroměstská.