Imodzi mwa mapepala akale kwambiri komanso oyesedwa kwambiri ndi pulasitala kwa ntchito zakunja. Zimateteza nyumbayo ku chiwonongeko cha mvula, dzuwa, chisanu, kumapangitsa kutsekemera kwa matenthedwe a khoma ndikupanganso mawonekedwe okongola.
Mitundu ya mapayala oyendetsa ntchito kunja
Kusakaniza kumeneku kumaphatikizapo zinthu zopangira zitsulo komanso malingaliro onse, malinga ndi zigawozo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala otchuka amatha kusiyanitsa:
- Zachizolowezi - zimagwirizanitsa ndege. M'tsogolo, khoma liri ndi utoto kapena varnish. Mitundu yayikulu: gypsum, mchenga-simenti.
- Zokongoletsera - ziri zogwirizana pamapeto omaliza.
- Wapadera - yesetsani kutetezera kwina, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Mitundu yawo:
- Madzi - amateteza ku chinyezi.
- Zosamveka bwino - zimateteza ku phokoso.
- Mabala a nyengo yachisanu kuntchito - amateteza chisanu m'nyengo yozizira.
Papepala yamoto kwa ntchito zakunja
Kuika pulasitala kwa ntchito zakunja kumachitika pa maziko a simenti, monga kudzaza ndi thovu lopangidwa ndi granular, dothi lochepetsedwa, phula losweka, mchenga wa perlite. Zipangizo zamakonozi zimapangitsa kuti asakanikizidwe, kuti azigwiritse ntchito mosavuta pa malo osiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku nkhuni kupita ku konkire. Zosanjikiza zimapangitsa mpweya wolimba, sumatenga chinyezi, bowa sichikhalapo, nkhungu sizimawoneka.
Phalasitiki yosagwiritsidwa ntchito yozizira kwa kunja kwa nthawi yozizira kwambiri momwe ingathere kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kunja kwa nyumbayo, ndipo m'chilimwe - sikulola kutentha. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa Kutenthetsa nyumba kumachepetsedwa. Malingana ndi opanga mapulogalamu, masentimita awiri a pulasitala otentha chifukwa cha kutentha kwa matenthedwe ndi ofanana ndi zomanga njerwa ndi wosanjikiza mpaka theka la mita. Kusakaniza kungakhale ngati kumaliza - chifukwa cha ichi, chiyenera kukhala ndi penti yowonjezera.
Phalala yakuuma kwa ntchito zakunja
Poganizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pulasitiki kuntchito zakunja, m'pofunika kuwonetsa mapeto. Ndilo pulasitiki yowonjezera, yopangidwa ndi gypsum, pepala ndi wowuma, kukulumikiza kusakaniza. Ubwino wa nkhaniyo unali wotsatanetsatane, mutatha kuyika ndi kosavuta kuti muyang'ane moyang'anizana ndi nyumbayi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana - zikhale kupenta, pulasitiki, mapepala.
Drywall ndi yabwino kuyendetsa makoma, imamveka phokoso komanso kutentha kwapanyumba kwa nyumbayo, zomwe zimakhudza chitonthozo cha moyo. Ndi zachilengedwe zowonongeka, sizimasula zinthu zowopsa pamene zimatenthedwa, zimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. Mapepalawa amaikidwa pa simenti kapena gypsum maziko, amakhala bwino pamakoma kwa nthawi yaitali.
Pulasitiki yosagwira ntchito kwa ntchito zakunja
Pulasitiki yowonongeka kwa madzi kunja kwapansi ili ndi mapuloteni apadera, kupanga mapulaneti otetezera. Izo zachitika pa maziko a:
- simenti;
- gypsum;
- silicone.
Kusakaniza kwa madzi kotentha kumapangidwira ntchito mu mvula yambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa wosanjikiza kotere kumalangizidwa pakupezeka kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa mpweya mkati ndi kunja. Idzateteza mchenga kuwonongeka pakutha kwa nthawi yaitali. Kusakaniza kumateteza chisindikizo cha nyumbayo kuchokera kuzimitsa, kuzizira ndi kusunga kutentha mkati. Mapangidwe apamwamba ndi mawonekedwe osapangidwira bwino, makomawo nthawi yomweyo amatha kupangira zojambula kapena ntchito yophimba.
Phalala ya granite kwa ntchito zakunja
Phalasitiki yamchere ya miyala yamtundu wa ntchito ya kunja ndi yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi ma quartz a chilengedwe. Zimapangidwa pamaziko a zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki komanso zowonjezera. Makoma a pulasitala a granite chifukwa cha ntchito zakunja ali ndi makhalidwe apadera:
- kutseka madzi;
- antibacterial;
- Kuthamanga kwakukulu koyambitsa ndi kuvala kukana.
Kusakaniza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira ku makoma, kumawoneka ngati malo ovuta kwambiri a zithunzi ndi kukula kwa tirigu mpaka 3 mm. Phalala ya granite imakhala ndi maonekedwe a granite chips, nyimbo zambiri zogulitsa. Pogwiritsira ntchito granules a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, ndi zophweka kupanga zozizwitsa zokongola, mabwalo, mikwingwirima, zojambula pamanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwewo akhale apadera.
Galapsum plaster kwa ntchito zakunja
Kusakaniza kwa gypsum kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitala wokhala kunja kwa ntchito zakunja ndi kukonzekera ziwembu kuti amalize. Ubwino wake:
- mkulu;
- chiwonongeko;
- chisanu kukana;
- chiyanjano cha chilengedwe.
Muzojambula zojambulajambula kwa opanga mapulojekiti omwe amapanga mapulogalamu owonjezera omwe amawonjezera mapuloteni, mchere ndi masinthidwe, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mphamvu ya pulasitala, kumangiriza kumalo ndi kuphulika. Chifukwa cha ichi, chisakanizocho chimakula kwambiri ndi zotsutsana. Zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndege za gypsum-konkire, njerwa.
Samulani pulasitala kuti mugwire ntchito kunja
Phalasitiki wamtengo wapatali kwa ntchito zakunja ndizomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bajeti. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ma wall slag block kapena njerwa. Zosanjikiza zimapanga maonekedwe okongola a mawonekedwewo ndipo zimapangitsa kumveka kwake komanso kutentha kutentha. Masenti a simenti amaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri:
- Mapuloteni a mchenga kwa ntchito zakunja ndi mtundu wotsiriza kwambiri. Kupindula kwake kwakukulu ndi mphamvu komanso zowonjezera. Zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusakaniza - simenti ndi mchenga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonjezera imapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsekemera. Njira yothetsera vutoli imatengedwa ngati chinyezi komanso chisanu.
- Kusakaniza-laimu, kuphatikizapo zowonjezera zakumwa, laimu ndiwonjezeredwa.
Phalasitiki yamakina opangira ntchito kunja
Poganizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pulasitiki kwa ntchito zakunja, m'pofunika kuwonetsa zosakaniza za acrylic . Iwo ndi unyinji wokhala wandiweyani wong'onong'ono, wogulitsidwa mu ndowa. Kuphimba kotereku kumakhala ndi moyo wautali wautali, ma resinisi a acrylic akugwira ntchito yofunikira pakati pa zigawo zake. Zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda, zotsekemera komanso zimabisala ngakhale zing'onozing'ono.
Chifukwa chakuti kusakaniza ndi ductile ndipo kumatha kutambasula pang'ono, sikuwopa kupopera ndi kupunthwa. Zina zowonjezeredwa ndi chikhoto cha akrisitasi ndi mtundu wodzaza ndi wokhazikika wa zinthuzo. Koma ndizitsimikizidwe ndi nthunzi ndipo zimatha kuphimbidwa ndi nkhungu ngati chinyezi chiri chapamwamba ndipo kutuluka kwa mpweya sikukwanira. Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito akryulu formulations kokha kuti chithovu.
Phalala yalaimu kwa ntchito zakunja
Malo okhalapo kunja kwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito gypsum kapena simenti nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mandimu. Mlingo wa ntchito yake ndi 2 kg pa ndowa yothetsera. Phulusa limasungunuka m'madzi kuti lipeze mkaka wosakaniza. Ndi kuwonjezera kwa laimu, simenti kapena gypsum misa imapeza makhalidwe abwino:
- Kutsata kwabwino - osakaniza mosakayika amakhala pa konkire, njerwa, ngakhale nkhuni, zimakhala bwino.
- Pulasitiki - ndizowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lotero, limapitiriza kutsatira maola 2-3, mukhoza kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
- Kukaniza ku bowa - laimu limapereka chidziwitso chodziwika bwino, chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazikhala zapamwamba.
- Kuwonjezera mphamvu ya yankho - kumatumikira nthawi yaitali.
Mapulotera okongoletsera ntchito zakunja
Pulasitiki yokongoletsera ntchito zakunja imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, pamapeto omaliza. Pambuyo pake, makomawo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe athunthu. Kupanga mawonekedwe okongola kudzakhala othandiza spatula, graters, rollers, timampampu. Mtundu uwu wa ntchito zakunja uli ndi mitundu yake, yosiyana, yopangidwa, maonekedwe a mtundu.
Chomera "kachilomboka" kameneka kachitidwe ka kunja
Pulasitala yamtundu wa ntchito yamkati "makungwa a khungwe" ndiwomanga, ndi mtundu wobiriwira, womwe uli ndi mavitamini abwino kapena ophwanyika. Chifukwa cha zofunikira pamene akugwiritsira ntchito grater pa khoma, mizere imapangidwa, yofanana ndi makungwa a mtengo, owonongeka ndi tizilombo. Zosiyanasiyana za machitidwe:
- Mvula imapita poyenda mmwamba ndi pansi.
- Nkhosa - zimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka bwalo.
- Miphambano - spatula amasunthira mozungulira.
"Khungu la beetle" ndi lodziwika kwambiri chifukwa chokonzeketsa mapepala chifukwa cha njira yabwino yothetsera visiketi ndi kumatira kumalo okwera kukhoma. Pamwamba ndi phokoso loopsya ndi chisanu chosagonjetsedwa, siziwopa ultraviolet, mphepo ndi mvula. "Bark beetle" imapuma bwino, bowa sichikuwoneka pamakoma ake. Phalapalayi imakhala yoyera, koma musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchitoyi, ndi kosavuta kumangiriza pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera za pigment kapena penti pamwamba pake.
Lembani "hedgehog" kwa ntchito zakunja
Kupaka pulasitala kuntchito zakunja "hedgehog" ndi osakaniza senti-laimu osakaniza ndi kuwonjezera mchenga, kapangidwe ka granulometric ndi zopangira mankhwala apadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa makoma a konkire, njerwa chifukwa cha kukwapula kumeneku, angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga spray kapena primer. Amaloledwa kupanga mawonekedwe ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito yankho.
Chosakanizacho chimadzipulidwa ndi madzi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmagawo angapo ndi makulidwe a 5-8 mm, chimatsitsimutsidwa bwino chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwa nkhaniyo. Ngakhale malo ovuta (ngodya, zojambula zomangamanga) zimakhala zopanda pake pambuyo popopera mankhwalawa. Zinthuzo zimakhala ndi zomangiriza kwambiri ndipo sizimatha pambuyo kuyanika, sizimapanga ming'alu.
Plasta wa Venetian kuntchito
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mapepala okongoletsera a kunja kwa ntchito, a Venetian pakati pawo amakhala pamalo apadera. Chosakanizacho chimapangidwa pamaziko a miyala ya marble, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mmagawo angapo (osachepera asanu ndi awiri), kenako imayaka ndi sera. Kunja, ndege yomwe imapangidwa imakhala yosalala bwino, yokonzedwanso ndi onyx kapena marble, imatulutsa mitsempha yaing'ono yamatchi, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa Venetian ndi zinthu zenizeni.
Chifukwa cha ntchito ya sera, mtundu wapadera wa mtundu umapezeka ndipo kuwala kwake kumapangidwa kuchokera mkati. Venetian imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofuna kukongoletsera mkati, koma chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa akriliki resin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonongeka pa facade. Kuphimba uku sikungopereka zokongoletsa kunja kwa nyumbayo, komanso kumateteza makomawo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga, komanso mawonekedwe - kuchokera ku kutaya kwa kutentha.
Mwala wa miyala kuntchito
Manyowa amtengo wapatali kwa ntchito zakunja ndiwotchuka komanso bajeti, monga momwe timagwirira ntchito timagwiritsa ntchito miyala yochepa, timatabwa ta mchere, timatabwa ta nkhuni, mica. Chifukwa cha iwo, mbali zitatuzi zimapangidwa, zida zosiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poonjezera zotsatira. Kawirikawiri, kukongoletsera kotereku kumapanganso mwala wachilengedwe, ndipo wotchuka ndi wotengera granite, nkhuni, nsalu zobvala.
Mu mawonekedwe ake opaka, chisakanizocho ndi choyera, chomwe chimakhala ndi pigmented kapena pambuyo pake chikuphimbidwa ndi utoto. Phindu lofunika la pulasitiki kwa ntchito zakunja ndi mapulasitiki ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a viscosity, chifukwa cha iwo pamwamba ndipo mpumulo wofunikira umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito spatula, ironers, stencil, rollers. Chotsatiracho chimakhala ndi kuuma ndi madzi.