Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera mimba yosafuna, koma aliyense ali ndi zovuta zake. Asayansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mibadwo yatsopano ya kulera yomwe imaganizira zolephera zonse zomwe zilipo kale.
Asayansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama pa kulengedwa kwa njira zabwino zothandizira njira za kulera, zomwe zidzateteza chitetezo ndipo nthawi yomweyo sizidzakhudza chisangalalo cha kugonana kwa onse awiri. Tsopano mukukulako pali zipangizo zingapo zomwe posachedwapa ziloledwa kupanga zochuluka. Tiyeni tiwadziwe bwino pasadakhale.
1. Kachilombo ka kanthawi kochepa kamene kamakhala ndi pakati
Pakali pano, makondomu ndiwo njira zodziwika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito limodzi, koma udindo wawo utsogoleri ukhoza kugwedezeka posachedwa. Asayansi akugwira ntchito popanga angelo amadzi, omwe ali ndi mahomoni ambiri. Ayenera kupatsidwa maola angapo asanakwatirane kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Palinso matembenuzidwe omwe ma gels ngatiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito asanakhale ovulation amaletsa. Asayansi akufunabe nthawi yochuluka kuti adziwe zotsatira za ndalama zoterozo ndi chitetezo chawo, koma lingalirolo ndilobwino.
2. Katemera wa kulera
Pakali pano, njirayi ikupangidwira, yomwe imayikidwa mu thupi. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuthandizira ma ARV mu amuna ndi hCG mwa amayi. Katemera ayenera kukhala kwa chaka chimodzi. Zofukufuku zikupitirira, monga asayansi akudandaulabe za kuchitika kwa zotsatira zake, mwachitsanzo, matenda omwe amadzimadzimitsa okha ndi matenda.
3. Njira yatsopano ya kulera
Phokoso la kulera "NuvaRing" likupezeka kale pamsika, womwe umagwira ntchito kwa mwezi umodzi. Cholinga cha asayansi ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano yomwe imateteza mkazi ku mimba yosafunika chaka chonse. Chovalacho ndi chaching'ono (mamita 6 cm) ndipo chimagwa bwino, kotero chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mosiyana.
4. Vuto latsopano la vasectomy
Mtundu umodzi wa kulera kwa amuna umatanthawuza kuperewera kwathunthu, komwe mazira a mitsempha amatsekedwa. Asayansi akugwira ntchito kuti apange "zopinga" zazing'ono. Mu ndondomeko ya njira yopangira polima, yomwe kenako, ngati mwamuna akufuna kukhala bambo, akhoza kuchotsedwa.
5. Kondomu yapamwamba
Amuna ambiri amangodandaula kuti akamagwiritsa ntchito kondomu amamva bwino. Kuti athetse vutoli, chitukuko chatsopano, kondomu ya originami, idaperekedwa. Mbali yake yaikulu ndikuti imadzaza ndi accordion mu phukusi, kotero sizingagwirizane mwamphamvu ku mbolo, motero kuchepetsa zowawa zosasangalatsa. Tiyenera kutchula chitukuko chimodzi - kondomu yokhala ndi hydrogel, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi zovuta zogwira khungu, koma ndizowonjezera, zomwe sizikuphatikizapo kugwidwa kondomu.
6. Mapangidwe osungunuka
Ichi ndichilendo mu msika wa amayi, omwe ndi ndodo yaing'ono. Ili jekeseni pansi pa khungu la mkazi, ndipo hormone progestin imayamba kumasulidwa, yomwe imayimitsa umuna mwa kukulitsa chiberekero cha khomo lachiberekero ndi kupewa kutsekula kwa ovulation. Ngati mkaziyo akufuna kuti akhale ndi pakati, amachotsedwa mosavuta. Asayansi tsopano akugwira ntchito mwakhama pa mapulaneti osakanikirana omwe angathe kupasuka kwa nthawi.
7. Mapiritsi oletsa kupuma
Madokotala a ku London adakumbukira kuti mankhwala ena opatsirana magazi amachititsa kuti azitha kulera. Chochita chawo ndikuteteza mitsempha yomwe imakhala yofunikira kuti kayendedwe ka umuna katuluke. Mankhwala a mbadwo watsopanowo adzatha kuletsa umuna, koma pamene munthuyo adzamveketsa. Kafukufuku amapangidwa kuti apange piritsi yomwe imatha maola atatu mutatha kudya ndipo imachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku thupi.
8. Kuteteza kwa dzuwa
Kuyambira kalekale, zimadziwika kuti zotsatira za kutentha zimakhudza umuna wa umuna komanso nkhaniyi asayansi omwe akufuna kuti apange njira yatsopano yothandizira ana. Tsopano akuyang'ana mapiritsi otentha, mafilimu ndi ultrasound kuti ayese mphamvu zawo komanso chitetezo chawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesera kumachitidwa kuti mudziwe ngati kutentha kumayambitsa matenda ndi khansa.
9. Hormonal gel
Asayansi a bungwe lopanda phindu akugwira ntchito pa kulenga gel osagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja. Zidzakhala ndi mahomoni othandizira kulera: progestin, estrogen, estradiol ndi ena. Gelesi yamadzi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu la mimba kamodzi pa tsiku. Panthawiyi, amayi 18 okha anayesedwa, ndipo anakhala milungu itatu. Zotsatira zake, zinali zotheka kukhazikitsa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatsitsimutsa, koma amakhalabe otsimikiza kuti chitetezo ndi chitsimikizo chenicheni cha kulera kwatsopano.
10. Mbadwo watsopano wa zidutswa
Choyamba, tiyeni tione chomwe chimagwiritsira ntchito. Ndi chipewa chofewa chimene mkazi amakhala mmimba kuti aphimbe chiberekero. Posakhalitsa, msikawo udzakhala wojambula umodzi umodzi BufferGel Duet, umene udzapangidwa ndi polyurethane. Mu dome adzakhala mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito microbicide ndi spermicide. Chiyeso china chachipatala cha SILCS ya silicone diaphragm.
11. Zopopera zakulera
Mu chitukuko ndi mvula, zomwe zidzakhala ndi zotsatira za kulera. Zopangidwe za mankhwalawa zidzakhala progestogen-mtundu wowonjezera. Zidzakhala zofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pamphuno, pomwe zidzalowetsedwa m'magazi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti, mosiyana ndi mapiritsi, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa.
12. Mankhwala oletsa kubereka kwa amuna
Asayansi akhala akumagwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira chaka chimodzi kuti apange mapiritsi omwe amaletsa kupanga umuna chifukwa cha testosterone kapena progesterone. Pambuyo pa mapiritsiwa akuphunzira maphunziro a chipatala, mankhwala opangira mahomoni amatha kupangidwa ngati mawonekedwe, gel, implants ndi jekeseni.