Chimodzi mwa magawo akuluakulu pa matenda a matenda ndi kuyezetsa magazi, kumene zizindikiro zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha bilirubin m'magazi. Ganizirani mtundu wa mankhwala ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira mu kusanthula munthu wathanzi.
Kodi bilirubin ndi chiyani?
Bilirubin ndi imodzi mwa mavitamini a bile, omwe ali ndi mtundu wofiira. Amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za magazi, makamaka kuchokera ku hemoglobin, yomwe imatulutsa maselo ofiira a magazi omwe amafa panthawi yovulaza kapena kukalamba. Hemoglobin imatha kulowa mu heme ndi maunyolo a globin, omwe amatha kukhala amino acid. Ndipo kutupa, kumagwirizana ndi michere, kumakhala bilirubin yosalunjika, yomwe imakhala yosiyana ndi kusiyana kwa bilirubin.
Amayitanidwa mwachindunji kuti ndi osasunthika kapena omasuka - ndi owopsya, monga osungunula mafuta, amangolowera mumaselo, osokoneza ntchito yawo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo la bilirubin m'magazi pamwamba palolera ndi loopsa.
Enzyme yomwe ili mu mawonekedwe ameneŵa imamangirira m'magazi a magazi ndipo imalowa m'chiwindi, kumene imakhala "neutralization" ndipo imakhala yosasunthika m'madzi. Chigawo ichi amatchedwa indirect bilirubin. Puloteni yotereyi imadulidwa ndi bile, koma ngati chiwindi chimagwedezeka, thupi limatha kuthana ndi ntchito yotembenuza bilirubin yosalongosoka, ndipo zomwe zili m'magazi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zachibadwa.
Mayeso a magazi a bilirubin
Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a m'magazi a seramu kumatsimikiziridwa mu kafukufuku wa zamoyo zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro monga hemoglobin, haptoglobin, cholesterol, urea, shuga, creatinine, triglycerides, ndi zina.
Magazi a kafukufuku amatengedwa kokha kuchokera mu mitsempha. Madzulo a kusanthula simungamwe zakumwa, mkaka, khofi, tiyi wokoma ndi mowa. Maola 8 mpaka 12 musanadye magazi, ndipo labotale ayenera kubwera m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Mukhoza kumwa madzi.
Dzanja pamwamba pa chigoba ndilolimbidwa ndi zofukizira, khungu limatengedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo singano imalowetsedwa mu mitsempha, kudzera mwazi yomwe imatengedwa. Monga lamulo, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti njirayi ndi yopweteka kwambiri kusiyana ndi kupereka magazi kuchokera kwa chala.
Zotsatira za phunzirolo
Mu labotale, chiwerengero cha bilirubin chimatsimikiziridwa mu kuyesa kwa magazi - chizoloŵezi cha enzyme iyi nthawi zambiri ndi 8.5 - 20.5 μmol / L, ngakhale kuti chiwerengerocho chikhoza kusiyana pang'ono malinga ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli. Choncho, labotale iliyonse ili ndi chizoloŵezi, ndipo malire ake amawonetsedweratu mu zotsatira za kufufuza.
Choncho, ziwerengero zina zomwe zimatchulidwa, monga momwe chiwerengero cha bilirubin m'mayesero a magazi ndi 22 μmol / l.
Gawo lachindunji ndilofika pa 5.1 μmol / l, ndipo posawonekera - mpaka 17.1 μmol / l.
Nchifukwa chiyani bilirubin imakulira?
Pa tsiku lachiwiri chitatu thupi litangoyamba, chiwonongeko chotheratu cha erythrocytes chikuchitika, komabe, dongosolo la bilirubin-conjugating (lomwe limatembenuza gawo lachindunji la enzyme mu mzere wolunjika) silinakhazikitsidwe mokwanira mwa ana obadwa kumene. Chifukwa cha ichi, ana amapanga chithunzithunzi chakuthupi - chimadutsa masabata 1 mpaka atatu. Koma kodi chizoloŵezi cha bilirubin mumagazi a makanda? Ndilo dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa la akulu: lachitatu - tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri atabadwa, 205 μmol / l ya enzyme imayikidwa (kwa ana asanakwane - 170 μmol / l). Kuti
Pali zifukwa zingapo zowonjezera mlingo wa mavitamini a bile ndi akulu:
- Chiwerengero cha erythrocyte choonongeka chawonjezeka, chomwe ndi choncho ndi hemolytic anemia , mwachitsanzo.
- Chiwindi chawonongeka ndipo sichitsata ntchito yochotsa bilirubin.
- Kutuluka kwa bile mpaka m'mimba mwaing'ono kumasokonezeka.
- Ntchito ya ma enzyme yomwe imapanga bilirubin mwachindunji imasokonezeka.
Ngati chimodzi cha matendawa chimachitika, chimbudzi chimayambira, pomwe mtundu wa mucous nembanemba, diso ndi khungu limatembenukira chikasu.