Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kayendedwe kamakono kumadalira kusakaniza kolondola kwa madzi. Ngati mphukira yake imasokonezeka, kuphulika kumachitika, chifukwa cha mphutsi yamtambo ndi calyx. Izi zimabweretsa chiwonongeko cha minofu komanso chiwalo chakufa.
Hydronephrosis wa impso - ndi chiyani?
Pamene mkodzo wachedwa mu excretory system, mawu ake akuwonjezeka nthawi zonse. Mitundu yambiri yamatsitsimadzi otsekemera a impso ndi zotsatizana nazo, kufotokoza zomwe hydronephrosis:
- kuwonjezereka kwakukulu mu ureter;
- kuwonongeka kwa kusungunuka kwa glomerular;
- chisokonezo cha zovuta, zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe ndi zochitika zatsopano;
- kuchepetsa kuperewera kwa tubulu;
- kupweteka kwa minofu, parenchyma;
- imfa ya nephron.
Kodi ndi mankhwala otani a hydronephrosis?
Matenda ofulumira amachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kuwonongeka kwa magawo a impso. Choyamba, matenda a hydronephrosis amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kochepa kwa ntchito za limba ndipo sichikuwonetseratu chikhalidwe cha mkodzo. Pambuyo pake, pali kuchepa kwapang'ono, zomwe zingachitike ndi zobwereza. Ngati palibe mankhwala othandiza, impso hydronephrosis yolondola idzadutsa pamalo ovuta kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka kapena kusokonezeka kwa thupi. Izi zikudzaza ndi kusakwanitsa kwathunthu ndi poizoni ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri.
Hydronephrosis wa impso - zifukwa
Orologists amaitana kuti adzipeza ndi zomwe zimachititsa kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi. Hydronephrosis - zifukwa za gulu loyamba:
- chiwombankhanga chokula mofulumira, kukanikiza pazingwe;
- Mipata yambiri yopuma kapena yothandizira katemera;
- kumangirira kwa chotengera;
- kupweteka kwa msana;
- khansara kumanja, impso zotsalira kapena chikhodzodzo;
- kukhalapo kwa miyala, mchenga;
- endometriosis ;
- ovarian cyst;
- matenda opweteka a dongosolo la genitourinary;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- metastases ndi ena.
Congenital hydronephrosis
Nthawi zina mkokomo wa mkodzo umasokonezeka motsutsana ndi misinkhu ya zosiyana siyana mu kapangidwe ka timapepala. Hydronephrosis kumanja ndi kumanzere akupezeka ndi zotsatirazi: congenital pathologies:
- kusokoneza tubules;
- zowonjezera, septa ndi valve mu tsamba la mkodzo;
- zosokoneza;
- zopinga za anatomical zomwe ziri mu chikhodzodzo, urethra, khoma ndi ureteral lumen, pelvis;
- dyskinesia ndi distension;
- ureterocele.
Hydronephrosis ya impso zolondola nthawi zambiri imachokera ku dongosolo losalongosoka la mitsempha yodalirika kapena nthambi zake zazikuru. Chombo chopangidwa mwadzidzidzi chotengera magazi chiri ndi mawonekedwe a mphete yomwe imakanizidwa ndi ureter. Izi "zimamveka" zimateteza nthawi yeniyeni komanso kuchotsedwa kwa madzi owonjezera, kumabweretsa kukulitsa kwa makapu ndi malonda otere a lohanok kapena impso zolondola.
Hydronephrosis mu Mimba
Vuto lomwe limaganiziridwa limanenedwa kuti ndilochizoloŵezi pa nthawi ya mimba, makamaka kuchokera pa 2 trimester. Hydronephrosis ya impso pamene ali ndi pakati imabala chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa chiberekero. Makoma ake amayamba kuphulika mu malo osungunuka ndi kumangoyamba. Mukatambasula chiberekero, madzi ambiri amasungidwa mu impso.
Degrees of hydronephrosis
Malingana ndi kuopsa kwake kwa matenda ndi kuopsa kwake, zigawo zitatu za matendawa zimasiyana:
- Hydronephrosis 1 degree (yophikitsidwa) imadziwika ndi kusunga kwathunthu ntchito za impso zolondola. M'magulu a mitsempha mkodzo umatuluka, kotero makoma ndi calyx ya limba sizimawongolera.
- Hydronephrosis wa digiri ya 2 (yopindula pang'ono) ikuphatikiza ndi kusintha kwa ziwalo za impso zowonongeka ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito zake ndi 40-45%. Kuti dongosolo la excretory liyambe kugwira ntchito bwino, ntchito yamagetsi yowonjezera imakula.
- Hydronephrosis wa madigiri 3 (otsiriza) ndi kulephera kwa impso zolondola. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito, thupi labwino silingagwirizane ndi kupitirira kwa mkodzo wambiri, ndipo kusowa kwakukulu kumapitirira. Ngati palibe mankhwala, zotsatira zake zowonongeka n'zotheka.
Hydronephrosis wa impso - zizindikiro
Matenda omwe amawafotokozera ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe amakhala nawo limodzi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zachipatala. Kuopsa kwake ndi zenizeni za zizindikiro zimadalira pa siteji ya hydronephrosis, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi nthawi yomwe ikupita patsogolo, kuyendetsa malo osokoneza bongo. Poyambirira, ndizosatheka kuti azindikire matendawa, palibe zizindikiro zotsutsana ndi dongosolo la excretory ndi impso zolondola.
Hydronephrosis - zizindikiro za matenda aakulu kwambiri:
- kusokonezeka kumbuyo kumbuyo;
- kutopa kwakukulu;
- matenda owopsa;
- kuchepa kukwanitsa kugwira ntchito;
- chisokonezo;
- colic renal;
- malungo;
- kusanza;
- chills;
- kukodza kosawerengeka ndi kochepa;
- ululu kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo;
- kupuma;
- kuperewera kwa magazi.
Hydronephrosis - Kudziwa
Kukayikira kuti matenda omwe amaganiziridwa amawoneka, amatha kuyang'anitsitsa, pakamwa, phokoso, phokoso. Pofuna kutsimikizira hydronephrosis ya impso zolondola kapena zamanzere, mayesero ambiri a ma laboratory amafunika:
- magazi (biochemistry, electrolytes);
- mkodzo (wamba, kufalikira, kuphika);
- Zitsanzo kuchokera ku Nechiporenko, Reberga, Zimnitskiy, Addis-Kakovsky.
Pomaliza, kukhazikitsa matenda a "hydronephrosis a impso zolondola" maphunziro othandiza amathandiza:
- maginito ojambula maginito kapena computed tomography;
- kusinthiranso zojambula;
- chisamaliro ;
- chithandizo cha ultrasound;
- dopplerography;
- zojambula zojambula;
- chromocystoscopy;
- Renoangiography;
- zojambula zojambula;
- radioisotope nephroscintigraphy yamphamvu ndi ena.
Kuchiza kwa impso hydronephrosis
Mankhwala a matendawa akupangidwa payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Njira zothandizira hydronephrosis zimasankhidwa ndi urologist malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha matendawa, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, chifukwa cha kukoka mkodzo. Ntchito zazikulu zothandizira:
- kuchotseratu madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi;
- Kupewa kutambasula kwa impso zolondola ndi kupweteka kwa ziwalo zake;
- chidziwitso cha mkodzo;
- kuthetseratu zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a ntchito zakuthupi.
Hydronephrosis - mankhwala popanda opaleshoni
Thandizo lodziletsa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayambiriro a matendawa, pamene ntchito ya urinary dongosolo ikulipirabe. Matenda a impso "hydronephrosis" akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozindikiritsa m'magulu angapo:
- anti-inflammatory - ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Tenoxicam;
- Anesthetics - Ketorolac, Naproxen, Indomethacin ;
- Maantibayotiki - Ophatikizidwa , Flemoxin Solutab, Clindamycin;
- hypotensive - Metoprolol, Physiotens, Albarel ndi ena.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo si njira yothandiza yothetsera impso zabwino. Nthawi zambiri mankhwala amalembedwa madzulo a opaleshoni kuti athetse vutoli, kuchepetsa thanzi la wodwala komanso kupewa matenda a urinary system. Popanda opaleshoni, matenda amayamba.
Hydronephrosis - ntchito
Kusankha njira zothandizira kwambiri kumachitika pokhapokha mutaphunzira bwinobwino. Choyamba, ndikofunika kupeza chifukwa chake hydronephrosis yachitika - mankhwalawa amapangidwa malinga ndi zomwe zimawopsyeza. Pamaso mwa miyala kapena mchenga mu impso zolondola, kutalika kwawo (lithotripsy) kukulimbikitsidwa. Kuponderezedwa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito akupanga ndi wailesi mawonekedwe.
Ngati hydronephrosis ya impso yoyenera (kumanzere) imayambitsidwa ndi chotupa, chisankho chimapangidwa pa resection ya chotupacho. Kuphatikizanso apo, mankhwala opatsirana ndi mazira ndi mankhwala amatha kuchitika. Kawirikawiri, n'zosatheka kuchotsa chotupa chokha ndi metastases, kotero dokotalayo akuyamikira chisankho chochepa kapena chokwanira cha chiwalo chimene kukula kwake kukupezeka, ndi madzi osokoneza pamodzi a impso zolondola.
Ndili ndi vuto la kubereka kwa congenital, mapulasitiki amachitika. Ntchito zoterozo ndizobwezeretsa zamakono zamadzi. Mavuto aakulu, pamene hydronephrosis imayambitsa kukana kwa impso zolondola, pali vuto la vutoli mofanana ndi kuledzeretsa kwakukulu ndi mankhwala a mitsempha yotayika, limba liyenera kuchotsedwa (nephrectomy).