Kukula kwakukulu mu zomangamanga zazaka zapitazo ndikumanga ndege ya Kansai ku Japan . Nyumba yapaderayi, yomangidwa pamtunda wosasunthika, sizosangalatsa chabe mbiri yake, koma imathandizanso, chifukwa ndi ndege yaikulu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe tinkakumana nazo pomanga, komanso ngati cholingachi chinali choyenera.
Kodi ndege ya Kansai inayamba bwanji?
Mu 1960, mzinda wa Osaka, womwe uli m'chigawo cha Kansai, unasiya pang'onopang'ono kulandira thandizo la boma. Choncho, posachedwapa chigawochi chikhoza kuchoka kulemera kupita kuumphawi. Pofuna kupewa izi, akuluakulu a boma adaganiza zomanga ndege yaikulu ya padziko lonse, yomwe ingathandize kuti anthu ambiri apitirize kuyendetsa galimoto.
Koma padalibe malo opanda ufulu pafupi ndi Osaka , ndipo anthu okhalamo ankatsutsana ndi ntchito imeneyi, chifukwa phokoso la mzindawo linali loposa kale lonse. Choncho, kumanga ndege ya padziko lonse ya Kansai adasankha kuyamba 5 Km kuchokera mumzinda, ku Osaka Bay.
Izi ziyenera kukhala zomangidwa bwino kwambiri m'zaka za zana lonse, popeza msewu ndi nyumba zomangika siziyenera kumangidwanso osati pachilumba cholimba, koma pachilumba chochuluka. Monga kumangidwa kwa mapiramidi a Aigupto, mamiliyoni ambiri ogwira ntchito, mabiliyoni ambiri a nthaka ndi mabaki okonzedwe komanso ndalama zazikulu zachuma.
Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, pamene okonzawo anawerengera zonse ndizing'onozing'ono, zomangamanga zinayamba. Izi zinachitika mu 1987. Zaka ziwiri zinapitiriza ntchito yofukula pomanga mamita 30 mamitala. Pambuyo pake, mlatho wamagalimoto awiri womwe umagwirizanitsa chilumbachi ndi dziko lapansi unayamba kugwira ntchito. Pamsewu wapamwamba pamsewu wazitali zisanu ndi umodzi wa magalimoto unali wokonzedwa, ndipo m'munsimu muli mizere iwiri ya njanji. Mlathowu unkatchedwa "Chipata chakumwamba". Kutsegulira kwa ndegeyi kunachitika pa September 10, 1994.
Kodi ndi zodabwitsa bwanji za ndege ya Kansai ku Osaka?
Zithunzi za ndege ya Kansai ndi zodabwitsa. Ndipo aliyense amene wamva nkhani ya mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa amalota kuti aziwona izo. Pulatifomu, pomwe ndege ndi msewu uli pamtunda, imakhala pamtunda wa mamita makumi atatu a nthaka ndi nthaka. Msewu wokha uli ndi kutalika kwa 4 km, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1 km.
Poyamba, omangawo adakonza zochepa zachilengedwe za chilumbachi, koma zolingazo sizinachitike. Chaka chilichonse, chida chopangira madzi chinkayenda pansi pa madzi ndi masentimita 50. Koma, mwatsoka, mu 2003 chiwombankhanga chinaima, ndipo tsopano nyanja imatenga 5-7 masentimita pachaka, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu mlingo wokonzedweratu.
Chifukwa cha chiyembekezo chachikulu chakumanga koteroko, adasankha kumanga msewu wachiwiri. Linagwirizanitsidwa ku chilumba chachikulu ndi mlatho wawung'ono, komwe ndege zimathamangira kumalo osungirako sitima ndi kumbuyo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wachiwiri, zolakwitsa zapitazo zinali zitaganiziridwa kale, ndipo zinakhala zotheka kuthetsa kugwedezeka kosafanana komweko. Kulikonse kumene makina opanga magetsi amakaikidwa, amadziwa kusuntha pang'ono kwa nthaka.
Nyumba yomaliza imakhala yaitali makilomita imodzi ndi theka, koma ichi si chinthu chachikulu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ichi ndi chipinda chachikulu kwambiri pa malo onse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale pali magawo ambiri ndi zitatu pansi, koma zonse zili mu chipinda chimodzi chachikulu. Pansi pansi pali malo ambiri odyera, malo odyera komanso masitolo opanda ntchito. Pa yachiwiri - kutuluka kupita kumtunda, ndipo pa chitatu pali kulembedwa kwa kuthawa ndipo pali malo odikira.
Ndegeyi imapangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi galasi ndipo imawoneka ngati chimphona chachikulu chifukwa cha miyendo yambiri yomwe ndegeyo ikuyandikira. Chaka chilichonse, munthu wodutsa m'zilumba zapaderazi-ndege ndi anthu oposa 10 miliyoni.
Kwa iwo, oyimanga mapulani a ndege akutha "zabwino". Pambuyo pake, pano, pakati pa dziko lapansi la zivomezi ndi zamphepo zamkuntho, mapangidwe ayenera kukhala amphamvu kwambiri komanso panthaŵi imodzimodzi pulasitiki. Mwachizoloŵezi, zinali zotheka kupeza ngati izi zinali choncho pa chivomerezi ku Kobe , pamene kukula kwake kwazomwe kunali zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, chimphepo chinagwedezeka pa bwalo la ndege pomwe mphepo ya mphepo inali 200 km / h. Pazochitika zonsezi, nyumbayo inatsutsana ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe. Izi zinakhala mphoto yabwino komanso yoyembekezeredwa kwa gulu lonse la omanga ndi okonza mapulani.
Choncho, polojekiti yamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'mbiri yakale, yomwe mtengo wake umakhala madola 15 biliyoni, inadziwonetsera yokha. Komabe, sizinalipirepo chifukwa chakuti mtengo wa kusungirako ndege ya chilumbachi ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mtengo wa matikiti okwera ndege pano ndi wam'mwamba ndipo ngakhale kukwera kwa ndege iliyonse kumawononga madola 7,500. Koma ngakhale izi, ndege ya ku Kansai ikufunikanso kwa aang'onoang'ono a Japan, ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa oyendera palemba
Kupyolera pa bwalo la ndege likulu la anthu oyendetsa galimoto limapita tsiku ndi tsiku. Pakati pa anthu akuchezera dzikoli ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zipembedzo ndi zofuna zawo. Maofesi a ndegeyi amayesetsa kutsimikizira kuti mlendo aliyense ali ndi chitonthozo chokwanira. Kwa izi, muli zakudya 12 zokhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana:
- chomera;
- chiyankhulo ;
- European;
- kondwa;
- Zamagulu a Halal.
Ngati mutakhala kudera lakutali, kuti mutenge nthawi, mukhoza kupita kumunda wa padenga, womwe umatha kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 22:00. Kuyambira pano, malingaliro odabwitsa a nyanja ndi ndege akufika kapena kutsegula kutsegulidwa.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kwa okaona pali "Sky Museum", yomwe imatsegulidwa kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 18:00. apa mukhoza kuphunzira mbiri ya malo ano, komanso kuwonera mafilimu onena za kugwidwa ndi kukwera ndege. Ngati ndege ikuchedwa ndipo palibe chilakolako chokhala nthawi zonse muchitetezo, hotelo yabwino imakuyembekezerani , ili pomwepo - Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport.
Mukhoza kuitanitsa ndalama ku dziko lililonse mulimonse, koma muyenera kudzaza chidziwitso ngati ndalamazo zoposa 1 milioni yen. Malingana ndi mtundu wa ndalama zotumizidwa, ndi bwino kuphunzira mlingo wosinthana nawo kunyumba kuti musankhe yabwino. Mukhoza kusinthanitsa ndalama zogulitsira ndalama pa bwalo la ndege, popanda malire pa kusintha kwa ndalama zogulira.
Kodi mungapite ku eyapoti?
Mukhoza kufika ku eyapoti ndi kubwerera basi, pamsekima kapena pa sitima. Magalimoto onse apa akudutsa mlatho. Nthawi yoyendayenda, malingana ndi kuyamba koyamba, imatenga mphindi 30 mpaka maola awiri. Mabasi amathamanga apa mphindi 30 iliyonse, mtengo wa tikiti ndi 880 yen ($ 7.8), mofanana ndi sitima yapamwamba. Koma tekesi idzawononga mtengo wokwana maulendo 2.5.