Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 ndi njira yabwino yopezera thanzi ndi ubwino m'nyengo yozizira, pamene chiwerengero cha "chiwawa" cha matendawa chikuyembekezereka posachedwa, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale pali nthawi yoti muteteze thupi lanu ku matenda, kuganizira za katemera ndikofunika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka.
Kodi chiyembekezero cha mtundu wanji chiyembekezeredwa mu 2017-2018?
Akatswiri amanena kuti nthendayi zotsatirazi za 2017-2018, zomwe zinachitika m'chilimwe chakum'mwera kwa dziko lonse lapansi, zidzakhala zogwira ntchito m'dera lathu:
- H1N1 - "Michigan". Ichi ndi mtundu watsopano wa mtundu wa nkhumba wotchedwa A "nkhumba" omwe kale amadziwika kale. Mu January-April 2016, milandu ya chiwindi ichi inapezanso ku Russia. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu oposa zana anamwalira ndi matendawa. Matendawa, omwe amakhudza anthu ndi zinyama, amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta komanso kusintha kwasinthika kwa chibadwa.
- H3N2 - "Hong Kong" . Ndi matendawa a mtundu wa a A, anthu "anakumana" kumadera akutali mu 1968, pamene anthu a ku Hong Kong adakhala ndi kachilombo koopsa, ndipo anthu ambiri anafa. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matendawa kunkatchedwa mbalame zosamuka, chifukwa cha zomwe zinatchedwa "mbalame". Pakati pa 2012-2013, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amamwalira ndi chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matendawa. Chaka chatha, kachirombo kameneka kanalinso kotchuka m'dziko lathu, choncho gawo la anthu lakhala likulimbana ndi matendawa.
- Brisbane. Choyamba chodziwika ku Australia mu 2008, mtundu wa mtunduwu B umakhala ndi kutsika kwamasinthasintha ndi kuphulika kwapanyumba, kotero zimatengedwa kuti ndi zosayenera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamakhala chiopsezo pakati pa omwe ali ndi Brisbane, ndipo, chifukwa cha maonekedwe akuposachedwapa, kufufuza pang'ono, ndipo kachilomboka kakayambitsa chiopsezo kwa anthu.
Kodi ndingapeze chiwindi?
Katemera ndi njira yaikulu yothetsera matenda opatsirana ndi chimfine, omwe amapereka katemera wa chaka ndi chaka. Atalandira katemera, thupi limayamba kupanga ma antibodies otetezera ku matenda ena a chimfine, zotsatira zake zimatha pafupi chaka. Ngakhale matenda atatha katemera (chifukwa katemera sangathe kupereka chitsimikizo chenicheni), ndiye kuti matendawa ndi ofatsa.
Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu ambiri samvetsa ngati chimfine chikuwombera. Popeza sichiphatikizidwa mndandanda wovomerezeka, munthu aliyense amasankha ngati angapite kudzera mu katemera kapena ayi. Madokotala amangopereka malangizo, ndipo, malinga ndi ambiri a iwo, katemera woteteza chiwindi 2017-2018 ndi chofunikira kwa onse akulu ndi ana, kuyambira pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 - zotsatira
Mofanana ndi katemera uliwonse, katemera wa chimfine 2018 umakhala ndi chiopsezo choyipa, koma izi ndizotsika kwambiri. Ambiri omwe adalandira jekeseni wapamwamba kwambiri wa katemera malinga ndi malamulo onse, kulekerera ndondomeko yabwino. Nthaŵi zina, machitidwe am'deralo angakhalepo: redness, kutupa, kuyabwa kosauka ndi kupweteka. Nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi malungo afupipafupi, malaise ambiri, zomwe zimawoneka kuti siziwathandiza . Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, zomwe zanenedwa pamwambazi zimachitika popanda tsatanetsatane.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 - zotsatira
Nthawi zina, katemera wotenga matenda a chiwindi amadziwika ndi mavuto aakulu - matenda a mitsempha, zoopsa zowononga, matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa za ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, osanyalanyaza zoletsedwa za jekeseni, yosungirako zosayenera ndi kayendedwe ka katemera.
Katemera wa nkhuku kwa ana - kodi kapena ayi?
Akatswiri a zamankhwala a masiku ano komanso odwala matenda a umoyo amayitanitsa katemera wa ana omwe ali kale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Katemera wa ana a nkhuku ndi ofunika makamaka kwa omwe amabwera ku mabungwe a ana, nthawi zonse amachezera malo ambirimbiri (kubwerera m'matawuni, polyclinics, malo ogula) ndi ana a sukulu, omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda owopsa kuchokera ku matenda a chimfine omwe ndi aakulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Katemera wa nkhuku kwa ana, malingana ndi msinkhu, amaikidwa kawiri ndi nthawi ya masabata 4 kapena kamodzi.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine mwa amayi apakati - kapena ayi?
Malinga ndi madokotala, katemera woteteza chifuwa cha 2017-2018 wakhanda amakhala otetezeka ndipo amasonyezedwa nthawi iliyonse ya mimba. Kafukufuku wambiri amatsimikizira kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchuka kwambiri sangathe kutsogolera nthawi ya mimba ndi chitukuko cha fetus, pomwe pamapeto pake kutetezera mayi ndi mwana wamtsogolo m "zifukwa zovuta zomwe matenda a chiwindi m'nthaŵiyi akuphatikizapo. Katemera wa chimfine kwa amayi apakati, kuphatikizapo, amachititsa kuti mwana asatenge kachilombo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira atabadwa.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 - nthawi yoti achite?
Katemera wa antitifungal uyenera kuperekedwa nthawi isanayambe nyengo ya chimfine, poganizira nthawi ya chitukuko cha antibodies m'thupi (masabata awiri kapena anayi). Ndibwino kuti tiyambe katemera kale mu September-Oktoba, koma sikuchedwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito katemera pa chimfine 2017-2018 komanso mu November ndi December, chifukwa kuphulika kowala kwambiri kunanenedweratu ndi akatswiri mu mwezi wachiwiri wachisanu.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine - zizindikiro ndi zotsutsana
Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi ochuluka - katemera akulimbikitsidwa pafupifupi pafupifupi anthu onse. Pachifukwa ichi, njirayi imafuna kukayezetsa dokotala ndi matenda a thupi kuti adziwe kutsutsana kwa kanthawi kapena kosatha. Katemera wotsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 zotsutsana ndi zochitika zazing'ono zili ndi izi:
- kuwonjezereka kwa matenda aakulu;
- matenda oopsa opatsirana ndi malungo;
- Kusintha kwa posachedwa kwa nyengo (zokhudzana ndi ulendo wopita ku maiko akutali).
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimatsutsana ndi katemera wa chimfine:
- zowopsa kwa ziwalo za jekeseni (mankhwala osungira, mapuloteni);
- kale anawonetsa zovuta za postvaccinal zovuta.
Kuonjezera apo, kukana katemera ndi chifukwa china chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri payekha. Ponena za odwala omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti apitirire katemera wa chimfine poyamba, ndiye kuti akuphatikizapo anthu omwe chitetezo chawo chafooka:
- anthu achikulire;
- ana aang'ono;
- odwala omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu (matenda a shuga, mtima wosayenerera, matenda a magazi, immunodeficiency, asthma).
Kuwonjezera apo, katemera amatsatira anthu omwe ntchito yawo imapereka nthawi zonse kukhudzana ndi anthu ambiri:
- aphunzitsi, aphunzitsi, aphunzitsi;
- antchito oyendetsa;
- madokotala;
- ophunzira;
- ana a sukulu ndi zina zotero.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 - ndi chiyani?
Chaka chilichonse, makampani opanga mankhwala amapanga katemera watsopano wa chimfine, kuyang'anira kugawidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakati pa anthu komanso kulongosola ntchito ya mavuto ena m'nthawi yam'tsogolo komanso yachiwiri. Katemera wa chimfine akhoza kukhala umodzi mwa mitundu inayi:
- Kukonzekera kumakhala ndi mavairasi ofooka (ogwira ntchito intranasally);
- Amayambitsa katemera wa virion omwe ali ndi mavairasi osagwira ntchito;
- Apatseni katemera wagawanika, omwe ali ndi mapuloteni osiyana siyana a mavairasi;
- majekeseni omwe ali ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matenda otetezeka ku HIV amafunika kuti tikhale ndi chitetezo.
Kukhala ndi moyo wosakonzekera mwachisawawa monga mankhwala operekera mankhwala, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zapitazi, amasonyeza kusagwirizana kwawo, chifukwa chake nyengoyi siigwiritsidwe ntchito. Katetezedwe kwambiri ndi ogwira ntchito tsopano ndi magulu aang'ono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba za nkhuku kapena pa selo. Mankhwala awa amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa, pansi pa reactogenicity.
Katemera wa chiwindi - maonekedwe
Katemera wokhudzana ndi matenda a chimfine, wosiyana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ndi ana osakwanitsa zaka zitatu, sakugwiritsidwa ntchito nyengoyi. Katemera wolimbana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 ndi imodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya katemera:
- zowonongeka - zomwe zili ndi mavairasi atatu omwe angayambike m'madera athu ("Michigan", "Brisbane", "Hong Kong");
- Zomwe zimapangidwira, kuphatikizapo zovuta zitatuzi, mtundu woopsa wa mtundu wa B - Phuket.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine 2017-2018 - dzina
Posankha katemera wa chiwindi ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zifukwa za adokotala, chifukwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi zosiyana siyana za zigawo zikuluzikulu ndipo ali ndi kusiyana kwina. Mwachikhalidwe, mankhwala opangidwa ndipamwamba kwambiri amaonedwa ngati opanga kunja, koma masiku ano katemera wamakono samakumbidwa kumbuyo kwina. Timatemera katemera wabwino kwambiri pa chiwindi 2017-2018:
- Vaxigrip (France);
- Influvac (Netherlands);
- Fluarix (Russia);
- Sovigripp (Russia);
- Grippol, Grippol Plus (Russia);
- Inflexal (Switzerland);
- Agripa (Italy);
- Begrivac (Germany).