Mawopupa pa khungu

Kuchulukanso kwa maselo kumalo aliwonse a khungu, kuphatikizapo khungu la nkhope ndi mutu, limatchulidwa kuti mazenera. Maopopu amasiyana mosiyana ndi maselo, amatha kuchepetsa ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo zina, ndipo amachititsanso kuledzera ndi kutopa ndi zotsatira zowonongeka. Malingana ndi khungu lachikopa pa khungu lingagawidwe m'magulu otsatirawa:

• chidutswa;
• chowonetsa;
• malire.

Nthenda yamakono ya khungu

Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• nkhondo ndi zida;
• nevi (birthmarks ndi birthmarks);
• mapilisi;
• ziphuphu zochokera ku glands: syringoms (thukuta), adenomas ndi atheromas (kuchokera ku sebaceous);
• hemangiomas ndi lymphangiomas (kuchokera m'magazi ndi ziwalo zam'mimba);
• ziphuphu zochokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziphuphu: ma fibromas (kuchokera ku mgwirizano), leiomyomas (kuchokera m'mimba), lipomas (kuchokera ku mafuta);
• Matenda a m'mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi ma fiber, ndi ena.

Nkhonya, ziphuphu ndi mapilisi zimayambitsidwa ndi papillomavirus yaumunthu. Mitundu ina ya mapilisi imapezeka ndi kutupa kosatha kwa khungu ndi mucous membrane. Ziphuphu zimakhala zobadwa kapena zodzipeleka, zikuwoneka pa msinkhu uliwonse.

Nthenda yotchedwa neoplasm pa khungu ikhoza kuchitika ndi kuvulazidwa, X-ray ndi dzuwa, poyerekeza ndi khungu la zinthu zowononga, ndi matenda a pakhungu a pakali pano. Osati gawo laling'ono likusewera ndi cholowa. Maselo a chotupa chochititsa manyazi amasiyana kwambiri, kukula kumachedwetsa, palibe kumera m'matumba oyandikana nawo.

Kulowera malire (precancerous) maopopu omwe amatha kunyamula:

• chithandizo;
• senile keratosis;
• pigment xeroderma;
• keratoacanthoma;
• malire a pigment nevus.

Ngati zotupa za m'mphepete mwadothi ziyenera kutetezedwa kwa dzuwa nthawi yaitali popanda chitetezo cha khungu, sungani zotsatira za ziwawa pa khungu, zitha kuvulaza. Komanso nkofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala machitidwe awa, ngati palibe funso la kuchipatala mwamsanga. Kawirikawiri, zilonda zapakhungu zowonongeka zimachotsedwa bwino (makamaka zapakati pa khansa), chifukwa nthawi zonse zimakhala zoopsa kuti zikhale zotupa.

Mphuno yoopsa ya khungu

Chotupa choopsa kwambiri ndi khansa ya khansa ya khansa. Choyamba chimakhala khungu. Kawirikawiri khansa ya khansa imapangidwa kuchokera ku pigment nevus pa zovuta zake, kunyalanyaza kwambiri. Chotupacho ndi chophweka ndi mapiri osasinthasintha kapena mapangidwe a nevus omwe ali ndi chivundikiro chokhala ndi magazi. Maphunziro amakula pang'onopang'ono kukula ndipo amapereka masewases. Kuzindikira matenda a melanoma kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi phosphorous radioactive, yomwe imaphatikizapo chotupa katatu kuposa zida zogwiritsira ntchito, pogwiritsira ntchito mapepala a mapepala, mapulogalamu ake, machitidwe ake. Kuchiza kwa chotupa ndi kuphatikiza.

Mphuno yoopsa ya khungu imaphatikizaponso basal cell ndi epithelioma (squamous cell carcinoma). Basaloma ndi thumba loyera lopangidwa ndi kutumphuka. Zodabwitsa zake n'zakuti patatha zaka zingapo zimakhala ngati squamous cell carcinoma khungu. Epithelioma ndi yovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi basal cell, imapereka mitsempha kumatenda am'mimba, kenako matenda a mthupi mwake amatha. Imfa imachokera ku kutuluka kwa magazi pakutha kwa chotupacho, kuchokera ku khansa yoledzera ndi kutopa kwathunthu kwa thupi.

Kuzindikiritsa za khungu la khungu

Kuti mudziwe njira zosiyanitsira matenda a khungu, onani njira zotsatirazi:

• kufufuza ndi kulumpha;
• njira yamakina;
• maphunziro a radioisotope;
• kafukufuku wamakhalidwe abwino (cytology, histology);
• kufufuza za mitsempha yam'deralo;
• kafukufuku wa labotale ndi njira zopangira kafukufuku zomwe zimachotsa mavitamini ku ziwalo zina, ndi zina zotero.

Kuchiza kwa khungu la khungu

Posankha chithandizo chamankhwala, dokotala amalingalira mtundu wa chotupa, malo ake, siteji, mawonekedwe ake, chikhalidwe cha matenda oyandikana nawo. Njira zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kuchotsa opaleshoni ya mitsempha ya khungu, kuphatikizapo laser ndi cryogenic;
• mankhwala;
• mankhwala;
• kuphatikiza.

Chofunika kwambiri, mwamsanga mwamsanga, pitani kuchipatala kuti mukapange chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake, chomwe chingathandize munthu kupulumutsa moyo.