Dongo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kumaliza. Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ndi kuyambitsa mwayi watsopano, zipangizo zamakono zatsopano zalowa msika. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dongo lomwelo, koma zimapindula bwino kwambiri pomaliza.
Kodi njerwa ya ceramic ili ndi chiyani?
Pezani zipangizo zopangira ndi njira zakale mumakayila. Mfundo yopanga yokha inakhalabe yosasinthika, mateknoloji okha anali angwiro. Dothi litalowetsa mmera, limayamba kuliyika mumatope ndikupeza zizindikirozo. Mtsogolomu izi zimadulidwa ndi kutumizidwa kuti ziwotchedwe. Zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zingathe kulimbana ndi mpikisano zimakhala ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kulandira zipangizo zoterezi, popeza pali magalasi ochepa, ndipo kuchotsa chophimba chofunikira popanda kuchiyanjanitsa chimapezeka ndi chombo chimodzi cha bucket. Makina oyendayenda amasokoneza zigawozo, dongo limatumizidwa kupanga zopangidwa ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti calcination ikhale yamalonda odzola: muyenera kusankha kutentha kwabwino, kotero kuti fusible particles ikugwirizana ndi kutsutsa, ndipo kusakaniza kuli ndi zinthu zofunika m'tsogolomu.
Zimatengedwa kuti ndizosiyana ndi njerwa za ceramic clinker . Zomwe zimapangidwira sizinali zosiyana. Koma malo amodzi okhawo a dothi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukonzekera kumeneku atatha kutsiriza magawo onse kumapereka mphamvu zamphamvu komanso chisanu. Clinker imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutsirizitsa, nthawi zambiri kumakhala wamba. Ikani khoma la clinker mtengo, koma ndizolondola kuti zipangidwe zapamwamba.
Njerwa ya Ceramic - zopindulitsa ndi zokonzeka
Simungapezepo chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chingadzitamande ndi ubwino kapena zovuta. Nthawi zonse pamakhala mbali ziwiri za ndalama. Izi ndi momwe zinthu zimakhalira ife, nyumba ya njerwa za ceramic "zimatsutsana": ili ndi mndandanda wa mphamvu, koma pali zodabwitsa zokondweretsa. Kudziwa makhalidwe onse, ndi kosavuta kusankha chisankho ndikumvetsetsa ngati ichi ndi chisankho choyenera.
Njerwa ya Ceramic - ubwino
Mbalame imanyamula mtengo wa kanjedza pakati pa zipangizo za kumanga ndi kumaliza zinthu pa chifukwa. Pogwiritsira ntchito kogwiritsiridwa ntchito kogulitsa kumakhala kodalirika ndi kolimba, pa makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Njerwa ya Ceramic pamakoma panthawi yomanga idzakondweretsa ndi makhalidwe awa:
- Makamera amatha kupirira zochitika zonse zakuthambo: mphepo, mvula, dzuwa ndi matalala sizowopsya. Ngati mukufuna kupeza khoma kapena mbali ina ya nyumba yomwe ingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwapangidwe, molimba mtima perekani njerwa zachitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nthaŵi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa, kuti khoma likhalebe mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira kwazaka zambiri.
- Makoma a mnyumbamo ali osungidwa bwino kunja kwa phokoso ndikusunga kutentha. Mlengalenga inali yodalirika komanso yopanda malire yothetsera mavuto. Zili mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zowonongeka ndipo zimapereka makhalidwe otere pa khoma.
- Chomera cha njerwa cha Ceramic sichimazemba chinyezi. Izi zimapindulidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kameneko, kamangokhala cholepheretsa kulowa mkati mwa chinyezi chilichonse. Kufunika kwa mbaliyi ndikuti kumakhudza mwachindunji kuthekera kwa khoma kusunga kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Thupi limapeza ndalama zochepa, motero, palibe chiwonongeko pamene chimatha.
- Musaiwale za chitetezo cha njerwa za ceramic zazitali zamatabwa. Muzomera zopanga, patatha mpweya wathunthu, mulibe mpweya uliwonse m'mlengalenga, pambuyo pomanga, nyumbayo imakhalanso yotetezeka kwa anthu.
Chombo cha Ceramic - chiwonongeko
Monga mu mbiya iliyonse ya uchi, nthawizina pali supuni ya uchi, ndipo chifukwa cha ubwino wake wonse njerwa ya ceramic yamatala ili ndi zovuta zing'onozing'ono. Muzithunzi zamakono pamtengo wa mtengo mu sitolo yomanga. Pamene mukuyang'ana mankhwala omwe ali ndi makhalidwe omwe mukufunikira, muyenera kugwirizana ndi mtengo wapamwamba. Kuti pakhale utoto wofiira wa ceramic wofiira wa utoto.
Koma kuti mupeze mitundu ina yomwe siili ndi dongo, munthu ayenera kutenga zinthu za mitundu. Chifukwa chake, wogula amasewera mu loti: zimakhala zovuta kuganiza ngati wogulayo akuchita mwakhama kapena ngati amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali otetezeka ku thanzi. Ngati malingaliro anu apangidwe akuphatikizapo kumaliza ndi njerwa zoyera za ceramic, palibe chifukwa chopulumutsira. Zomangamanga zimakhala zodula, ndipo zimakhala zotsika mtengo chifukwa cha zikopa.
Njerwa ya Ceramic yopangira kunja
Sikofunika kumanga khoma lazitsulo kuti mupeze makhalidwe okwanira kunyumba. Njerwa za Ceramic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kuti zikhale zojambula. Chofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi, wogula sakondwera ndi mphamvu komanso kutsekemera kwapadera, komanso mu zokongoletsera. Pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kulemera kwake, kuonjezera kutentha kwa thupi kutsegulira kumapangitsa kukhala wopanda pake. Njerwa ya ceramic imasiyana chifukwa cha kuyang'ana nyumbayo ndi zinthu zomveka, malo abwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Ponena za mbali yokongoletsera ya funsolo, wogula angasankhe yekhayo mawonekedwe. Zina mwa zowonongeka pa njerwa za ceramic, opanga amapereka njira zotsatirazi zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa:
- Njira yowonjezera, koma osati yotchipa kwambiri, njerwa yomwe ili ndi phala lapafupi pamwamba (njirayo ndi yokhazikika, mtundu wa njerwa za ceramic zimachokera ku imvi mpaka mdima wofiirira);
- khoma limakhala losangalatsa kwambiri ndi zojambula pamtunda (kutsanzira kapangidwe ka nkhuni kapena mwala, zokongola - zonsezi ndizofunikira pang'onopang'ono pazithunzi kapena zigawo za nyumbayi);
- Zojambulajambula zokongoletsera zojambulazo zimasiyana ndi mthunzi woyera komanso zofiira pamwamba (dongo loyera lopangidwa ndi nsalu zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyala ikhale yopangidwa);
- Glyuzirovanny matabwa a njerwa ali ndi glossy ceramic pamwamba, yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lotsekemera galasi ndi kuwombera;
- mndandandawu mumakhala ndi zofiira zofiira zofiira, zopangidwa kuchokera kwa anthu omwe tidziwa kale ndi dongo losakaniza.
Mitundu ya njerwa za ceramic
Pankhani yomanga njerwa za ceramic, mitundu yosankhidwa idzachita mbali yachiwiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusankha mtundu wa njerwa zamtundu kapena zomangamanga molondola. Pamwamba pake kunanenedwa kuti mkati mwa njerwa ikhoza kukhala yopanda kanthu kapena yodzazidwa. Mitundu iwiriyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yomangamanga, aliyense ali ndi zizindikiro zake komanso mapulani ake kwa nyumba zinazake.
Matabwa a Ceramic
Njerwa yodzaza kwathunthu ingadzitamande ndi mphamvu yotheka, yokhoza kulimbana ndi katundu wolimba kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse kumene kutenthetsa mavitamini ndi kutsekemera kumveka n'kofunikira, ndipo katundu wokhazikika akukonzekera. Kulemera kwa gawo lirilonse liri pafupi makilogalamu 4, zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwa pamene zimamanga pa nthaka zina. Zithunzi zonse zolembedwa za njerwa zolimba zidzakhala zogwirizana ndi zomangamanga, kutayira moto ndi stoves. Omanga amamangapo kuchokera mazikowo ndi malo osungira.
Njerwa zazitsulo zopangidwa ndi Ceramic
Mpweya mkati umatha kuonjezera kwambiri kutentha kwa thupi, koma nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa mphamvu. Izi ndizochitika pamene kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa yamtengo wapatali ya ceramic yomwe ikuyang'ana ikuloledwa. Ndipo izi sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala zothandiza. Njerwa ya Ceramic ndi voids ndi yabwino kumanga mipanda ya nyumba mpaka zitatu.
Nyumba idzakhala yotentha, ndipo mtengo wake udzakhala wochepa. Zimapindulitsa kwambiri kumanga magawo mpaka 120 mm wakuda, sali olemera komanso oyenerera kupitiriza kusungunula bwino. Ngakhale magalasi kapena nyumba zofananamo zimamangidwa bwino kuchokera kumapangidwe osakongola. Koma zonsezi zidzagwira ntchito pokhapokha nyumbayi ili kutali ndi madzi. Chinyezi chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri, ndipo pakapita nthawi ntchitoyi imayamba kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha madzi mkati mwa voids. Musakonde kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa zachitsulo zopanda kanthu komanso pomanga zitovu. Sichimalola kuti kutentha kufalikire m'chipinda chonse.