Mu mtima wa Florence ndi tchalitchi chachikulu cha Gothic cha Santa Maria del Fiore (mumzinda wa St. Maria's Flower Pass), imodzi mwa nyumba zakale komanso zotchuka kwambiri m'dzikolo. Anamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13, komabe ngale iyi yamakono imangodabwitsa ndi kukongola kwake, kukongola ndi kapangidwe koganizira.
Mpingo wa Santa Maria del Fiore: zomangamanga
Katolikayo inakonzedwa koyambirira kotero kuti anthu onse a mumzinda wa Florence akhoza kubwera kudzatumikira mmenemo, ndipo izi ndi pafupifupi anthu zikwi 90 pa nthawi imeneyo. Cholinga ichi chinakwaniritsidwa - tchalitchi chachikulu kwenikweni ndi malo ozungulira. Kutalika kwa Santa Maria del Fiore ndi mamita 90, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 153.
Ntchito yayikulu pomanga tchalitchi chachikulu ndi dome. Linalengedwa molingana ndi ndondomeko ndi zojambula za Filippo Brunelleschi. Dzina la tchalitchichi likutanthauzidwa kuti "Mariya Woyera ali ndi duwa" ndipo ndithudi domeli ndi lofanana ndi maluwa okongola ofiira. Dera la dome liri mamita 43 - ilo limadutsa kukula kwa tchalitchi chachikulu chotchuka cha St. Peter's Cathedral. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, dome la Santa Maria del Fiore liri ndi mbali zake zokhazokha: sizinali zozungulira, koma zimagawidwa. Wopanga mapulani anachipanga ichi motero, chifukwa cha lingaliro losangalatsa. Iye "anabzala" dome kwa mipando 8 ndi mlatho pakati pawo ndipo amayang'anizana ndi mawonekedwe ndi njerwa. Kumaliza kwa tchalitchichi kumakhala mamita 91 ndipo kumakhala ndi zipolopolo ziwiri.
Mbiri ya Duomo ya Santa Maria del Fiore
Nyumbayi inakhala ngati malire pakati pa zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ndi Renaissance. Duomo anaimika mmalo mwa tchalitchi chakale cha Santa Reparata, ndipo nthawi imeneyo inakhala pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu ndi anayi ndikuyamba kugwa. Zolinga za mzindawo zinali zomanga tchalitchi chachikulu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maofesi ankafuna kuti katolika ikumangidwe ku Florence, yomwe siidangokhala kukula kwake komanso kukongoletsa kwa katolika ku Siena ndi Pisa. Wopanga mapulani a Santa Maria del Fiore anaikidwa kukhala Arnolfo di Cambio, koma anamanga nyumbayi kwa nthawi yayitali, m'malo mwake anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aluso ena asanu, kuphatikizapo Giotto. Ndikofunika kupereka msonkho kwa luso la amisiri awa: M'zaka za zana la 15, msonkhano unalibe wokondana osati mumzindawu wokha, koma ku Ulaya konse.
Tchalitchichi chimadziwika osati zomangamanga zokha, komanso zochitika za mbiri yakale. Mwachitsanzo, zinali mkati mwake m'ma 1500. anayesa kutsutsa abale Lorenzo ndi Giuliano Medici. Monga zinadziwika pambuyo pake, woyambitsa chiyeso anali Papa Sixtus IV.
Mkati mwa Cathedral ya Maria del Fiore
Mkati mwa tchalitchichi mumakondwera ndi zapamwamba ndipo, panthawi imodzimodzi, chisomo. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi cha tchalitchi ichi ndi ola, mivi yomwe ikubwerera kumalo ozoloŵera. Makoma a tchalitchichi amajambulapo. M'nkhaniyi, mukhoza kuphunzira Chingerezi condottier John Hawkwood, msilikali wa ku Italy Niccolo ndi Tolentino, Dante wosaneneka ndi zidutswa za "Divine Comedy". Komanso tchalitchichi chimakongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli za A. Skvarchalupi - wolemba nyimbo, wolemba nyimbo, M. Ficino - katswiri wafilosofi wotchuka, F. Brunelleschi - katswiri wa zomangamanga Santa Maria del Fiore, amene ankagwira ntchito pa dome. Wopanga nyumbayi, komanso Giotto anaikidwa pano.
Santa Maria del Fiore: mawonekedwe
Gothic amavomerezedwa mosavuta pomanga mbali zake zowala:
- Zojambula zowonongeka;
- mizere;
- chimango chimathandiza;
- mphukira;
- mipanda yoonda;
- mawindo ozungulira omwe ali ndi mawindo a galasi;
- ambiri olemera ndi okongola zokongoletsera.
Santa Maria del Fiore - imodzi mwa mipingo yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi (ikuphatikizapo Cologne Cathedral , Taj Mahal ). Ndi kovuta kuti musamuone yemwe akubwera ku Florence. Koma nkofunikira kulowa mkati kuti muwone nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ikufotokozera za mpingo wakale, kuyamikira maluwa, kukula kwake kwa nyumba ndi kuona Florence kuchokera pa malo owonetsera.
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