Pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyambirira za moyo, mwanayo amapeza chidziwitso chochuluka kuposa zaka zina zonse pamodzi. Kukula kofulumira kwambiri kumachitika zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, pamene mwana wakhanda, wokhala ndi ziwalo zochepa zoberekera, amaphunzira pang'ono kukhala, kudwala ndikuyenda, kumvetsa zolankhula za wina ndikumayankhula yekha ndi kupeza luso lina lofunikira.
Kuti mumvetse ndi kuberekana chilankhulidwe cha mwanayo mwanayo amaphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali. Pali njira zina zoyankhulirana zolankhulirana, zomwe zimawunikira, zomwe makolo angathe kuganiza kuti pali kusiyana kwa chitukuko cha mwana.
General hypoplasia of speech (OHP) ndi kuchedwa kulankhula chitukuko si chinthu chomwecho. Ngati kachiwiri, ana amayamba kungoyankhula pang'ono kuposa anzawo, ndiye kuti oGR ali ndi vuto la mawu lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi tanthawuzo ndi liwu.
Zifukwa za kutengeka kwa chilankhulo cha ana ndizosiyana: zikhonza kukhala zotsatira za kupsinjika kwa kubadwa, ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a ubongo, ndi zoopsa za maganizo.
Makhalidwe ndi maganizo a ana omwe ali ndi OHP
Kulankhulana kwakukulu kwachidziwitso kawirikawiri kumapezeka kawirikawiri ana 4-6. Monga lamulo, awa ndi ana omwe ali ndi nzeru zodziwika bwino, popanda kumva zolakwika. Amayamba kulankhula mochedwa kuposa ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalankhula momasuka, makolo okha amamvetsa. Kukula, ana amayamba kukhala ndi maganizo olakwika kwambiri pa chilakolako cha kulankhula, kuwona. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mawu opitilirapo ambiri akusowa chithandizo, ndipo kuthana ndi vutoli ndi zenizeni.
Miyeso ya chilankhulo chokhazikika patsogolo
Madokotala amasiyanitsa magawo anayi a chidziwitso chochuluka.
- Mbali yoyamba imadziwika ndi kulankhula kosalekeza, pamene mwanayo amalankhula zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito manja kuposa momwe akunenera.
- Pa msinkhu wachiwiri wa OSR, mwanayo ali ndi mawu oyamba kuyambira ali mwana. Iye amatha kutchula ziganizo za mawu angapo, koma nthawi zambiri amasokoneza mawu ndi mapeto ake.
- Mbali yachitatu imadziwika ndi kulankhula kotanthauzira: mwanayo amalankhula momasuka, koma zolankhula zake zodzala ndi zolakwika zolimbitsa thupi, zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera.
- Mphamvu yachinayi yolankhulirana ikupezeka mu ana omwe amapanga zolakwika pamalopo poyamba, koma pamapeto pake amasokoneza kuphunzira mwachizolowezi.
Mankhwala oyenera nthawi zonse ayenera kuchitidwa ndi ana omwe ali ndi OHP. Kuwonjezera apo, ulamuliro wa katswiri wa zamaganizo ndipo nthawi zina katswiri wa maphutsi ndi ofunika. Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti makolo aziwathandiza komanso kuwathandiza, popanda zomwe zingatheke kuthetsa matendawa.