Astana ndi likulu la Kazakhstan, lomwe zaka makumi angapo zapitazo linkawoneka ngati mzinda wozungulira wa Soviet, ndipo lerolino alendo odabwitsa omwe ali ndi maulendo apamwamba kwambiri, maofesi amakono, makasitomala okongola, njira zambiri ndi zokongola zokongola. Mzindawu, womwe uli kumpoto chakummawa kwa dzikolo, unalandira udindo wa likulu mu 1997. Lingaliro lakuti palibe zambiri zoti ziwone ku Astana, chifukwa umphawi (ndi wamba) ndi umphawi m'dziko (mwachilendo) ndi zolakwika. Ndipo ife tidzatsimikizira izo kwa inu.
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Kupita ku mbiri
Gawo limene likululi likukhala lero linakhalamo mu Bronze Age. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza. Astana yokha inakhazikitsidwa mu 1830. Amakhulupirira kuti malo otchedwa Cossack, omwe anayambitsa nkhondo ya Borodino, Fedor Shubin, analoledwa kupeŵa kugonjetsa maikowa ndi asilikali a Kokand. Patapita nthawi, ntchitoyo inasandulika mzinda wotchedwa Akmola. Apanso dzina linasinthidwa mu 1961 - Akmolinsk adatchedwanso Tselinograd. Ndipo mu 1998, pamene mzinda unapatsidwa udindo wa likulu, iwo anabwezeretsa dzina lake - Astana.
Mzinda wa Tsogolo
Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya zaka chikwi, Astana yasungira zochitika za nthawi ziwiri - nthawi za USSR ndi zamakono. Ngati okonda zachikale sali pano kuti "apindule", ndiye kuti mafani a kalembedwe ka ulendo wopita ku Astana adzakumbukiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Chiwonetsero chokha cha chizindikiro cha mzinda - nsanja "Baiterek"! "Poplar" (lotanthauzira dzina la nyumbayo), mamita okwana mamita 150, amaimira Astana, yomwe imayamba kusintha. Pamwamba pa Baiterek imakongoletsedwa ndi mpira waukulu. Zimasintha mtundu malinga ndi kuunikira. M'nyumba ya panoramic mungathe kuona lalikulu padziko lapansi pafupi ndi "Chida Chokhumba". Pazitali mamita anai, pansi pa nsanja imachoka. Pali malo odyera ambirimbiri, malo ogulitsira madzi komanso malo ena.
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Chinthu china chodabwitsa ku Astana ndi Nyumba ya Mtendere ndi Harmony, yomangidwa malinga ndi ntchito yoyamba ya Norman Foster ngati mawonekedwe a galasidi yaikulu. Pamwamba pake imakongoletsedwa ndi njiwa za nkhunda. Mbalamezi zikuimira anthu okhala ku Kazakhstan. Lero ku nyumba yachifumu pali maofesi owonetserako, nyumba zamakono, holo yaikulu. Pafupi ndi nyumbayi ndi Nyumba ya Chilengedwe ndi Nyumba ya Ufulu. Mu nyumbazi, misonkhano ya akuluakulu a boma komanso zochitika zina za boma zikuchitika.
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Kuyambira chaka cha 2009 mpaka 2012, kumanga msasa "Hazret Sultan" kunapitilira ku Astana, yomwe lero ndi yaikulu kwambiri ku Kazakhstan, koma ku Central Asia. Chiphunzitso chachikale cha Islamic ndi chodabwitsa chogwirizana ndi zokongoletsera za Kazakh. Koma zaka zinayi izi zisanachitike ku Astana, mzikiti waukulu kwambiri ndi mzikiti "Nur Astana" wokhala ndi mamita anayi mamita 62 ndi mamita 43. Nyumba zonsezi, mosakayikitsa, ndizooneka bwino.
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Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha likululi ukukwera lero. M'mabungwe ambiri a museum a Astana mungathe kuwona alendo, osati alendo okha, komanso anthu a m'matawuni ofuna chidwi ndi mbiri. Malonda otchuka kwambiri ku Astana ndi Museum of Modern Art, Seifullin yemwe anaferedwa, Museum of the First Presidential of the RK, National ethno-memorial complex. Posachedwapa, National Museum of the History of Kazakhstan idzatsegulidwa ku Astana.
Malo odyetsera, maulendo a ma cinema, aquarium, mapaki a aqua, masewero, bazaza akum'maŵa, malo owonetsera masewero - likulu la Kazakhstan silidzakupweteketsani! Ndipo palibe ntchito yoti tipite ku Astana - pali ndege ya padziko lonse, ndi sitima yapamtunda, ndi msewu wa misewu iwiri yapadziko lonse.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Kazakhstan ndi dziko losavomera kupita ku Russia.