- Adilesi: Chavin de Huantar, Peru
- Telefoni: +51 921 269 592
- Chigawo chonse: pafupifupi 28 mamita masentimita. km.
- Kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja: 3200 m
Chavin de Huantar ndi chimodzi mwa zipilala zakale kwambiri zapadziko lapansi, malo okhala akale a Andes pafupi makilomita 250 kuchokera ku Lima , pamtunda wa mamita 3,200. Nyumbayi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ochitira miyambo yachipembedzo - izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zimbudzi zambiri, zomwe njoka, mapulogalamu, mapuloteni a zomera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ansembe pa miyambo; Panopano panapezeka zipangizo zomwe ansembe adalikukonzera zakumwa zochokera ku zomera izi. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ku Chavin de Huantar, osati miyambo yachipembedzo yokha, komanso misonkhano yowonekera. Mwinamwake akachisi ndi malo ozungulira ankatumikira ngati malo owonetsera zinthu.
Nyumba yomangamanga
Atazindikira kuti Chavin de Huantar anali mwangozi pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo ndi mlimi yemwe, polima munda, anapeza mwala wamtengo wapatali kuposa mamita awiri, womwe unkawonekera cholengedwa chodabwitsa. Mlimiyo adakumba zomwe adazipeza ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati kompyuta, mpaka tsiku lina adawona mtsikana wina wa ku Italy, Estella Raimondi. Chavin de Huantar amatchulidwa kuti ndi malo okumbidwa pansi zakale ndipo amalembedwa ngati malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Malo onse okhalamo akale amakhala pafupi makilomita 28. km. Zomangamanga ndi mabwalo amapanga mabwalo omwe nthawi zonse amakhalapo, koma izi siziri zovuta kwambiri; Ndizodabwitsa kuti onsewa amayenda kumbali ya kummawa ndi kumadzulo ndi zolondola zodabwitsa. Nyumba zosungidwa ndizolakwika - kuyendera zovutazo, mudzawona mabwinja a makoma odzaza ndi nthaka ndi udzu. M'makoma pali mazenera ang'onoang'ono (pali zoposa 20 mwa iwo), kumbuyo komwe kuli zipinda zamkati; ena mwa iwo omwe mungawachezere.
Kachisi akale - malo oyandikana nawo kwambiri
Kachisi akale ali ndi nyumba ziwiri; iyo inamangidwa kuzungulira 1200-900 BC. Nyumbayi imamangidwa ngati kalata U. M'bwalo muli zipilala, zomwe zimakhala zithunzi zojambulidwa za amphawi, ziwalo, condors ndi falcons. Mkati mwa kachisi pali zitseko ziwiri.
Pakati pa mapepala muli "Spear" ("lanson") - kutalika kwa miyala ya mamita 4.5, opangidwa ndi white granite. Momwemo mawonekedwe ake akufanana ndi nsonga ya mkondo - ndi polyhedron yovuta, yomwe pamwamba pake imalowedwera. Pamwamba pali chithunzi cha cholengedwa chamoyo chomwe chikuwoneka ngati "mtanda" wa munthu yemwe ali ndi njoka ndi njoka. Mwina anali "nthungo" yomwe inali kachisi wamkulu wa Chavin de Huantar yonse. Palinso lingaliro lakuti ilo linali ndi tanthauzo la zakuthambo, chifukwa mawu oti "nyama" ("chincha" kapena "chinchai") ali osagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyenyezi ya Orion ("Choke Chinchai"). Phokoso padenga la kachisi, lomwe likulumikizana ndi "nsonga ya mkondo", linanena kuti linamangidwa "kuzungulira" pansi. Zimadziwika kuti kachisi adatumikira ngati "olosera" - okhulupirira anamva phokoso la "kulankhula nawo mulungu".
Zochititsa chidwi ndizo makoma akunja a Old Temple; kamodzi atakongoletsedwa ndi mitu ya miyala yoposa mazana awiri - anthu ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana. Lero lonse lathunthu mukhoza kuona chimodzi mwa izo.
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Nyumba Yatsopano
Tchalitchi chatsopano chinamangidwa patapita nthawi - asayansi amatha zaka 500-200 BC. Ndi yaikulu - 75 mx 72.5 mamita. Zambiri ndi nsanja zobisika zinapezeka m'kachisimo, chifukwa ansembe adatha kuwoneka bwino - ngati kuti "palibe." Kutalika kwa kachisi kumakhulupirira kuti ndi mamita 13. Mkati mwake munali malo atatu m'mabwalo, masitepe ndi zipinda.
Mu New Church, mafano ambiri apezeka. Pamaso pake pali malo ozungulira. Pafupi ndi Tchalitchi Chatsopano pali pakhomo lakuda ndi loyera, kumene nyumba zambiri ndi malo okhazikitsira ntchito akugwirizana. Iye, mwachiwonekere, anali wofunika kwambiri. Khomoli limapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yamwala: kumbali yakumpoto ndi stasi yakuda yopangidwa ndi miyala yamagazi yakuda, kumbali ya kumwera kwa masitepe, amagwiritsiridwa ntchito granite woyera. Pambaliyi muli miyala iwiri ya miyala yofiira, yokongoletsedwa ndi zifanizo za zolengedwa zamaganizo - ndi thupi laumunthu, mapiko a mapiko, mutu wa jagu ndi mulu wa mbalame.
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Zinyumba zina
Zithunzi zina ziwiri zomwe zili pamtengowu ndi Obeliski wa Tello, omwe ndi quadrangular pole ndi alligator ndi nkhumba zamphongo, ndi Mwala wa Raimondi - umawonetsa chifaniziro ndi mfuti ya jaguar (kapena puma) yomwe imagwira antchito kutsogolo kulikonse . Kuchokera pa piramidi ya Telo, yomwe inali kutsogolo kwa Old Church, pang'ono zasungidwa; panthawi yomwe amamanga, asayansi amatsutsa - ena amakhulupirira kuti anamangidwanso pambuyo pomanga Nyumba Yatsopano, koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Kachisi Watsopano ndi "wamng'ono" kuposa piramidi.
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Kodi mungapeze bwanji ku Chavin de Huantar?
Mutha kufika ku Chavin de Huantar kuchokera ku Ouaraz ndi basi yomwe imabwera kumudzi wamakono wa Chavin; Kuchokera pamenepo udzayenda pafupi makilomita. Mukhoza kubwera kuchokera ku Ouaraz kudzera m'mabasi owona malo. Mukhoza kupita ku Huaraz kuchokera ku Lima ndi ku Trujillo ndi mabasi ambiri. Poyamba, ulendo umatenga maola 8.
Palinso njira yopita kwa Olleros-Chavin; Amayamba mumzinda wa Olheos ndipo amatenga masiku atatu. Mukhoza kudziwa za ulendo umenewu ku mahotela ndi maulendo oyendayenda ku Huaraz.
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