Cholesterol ndi chiyani, komanso momwe mungapitirire kukhala ndi chikhalidwe?

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti cholesterol ndi chiyani, chifukwa zaka makumi khumi zapitazo, mwatcheru mwatengapo chidwi. M'mayiko ena, mwachitsanzo, ku USA, ngakhale kwa kanthawi panali chiwopsezo chifukwa cha chinthu "choopsa" ichi. Anthu ankakhulupirira molimba kuti ndicho chinayambitsa matenda awo onse. Komabe, izi ndizochepa chabe za choonadi.

Cholesterol n'chiyani m'magazi?

Kufotokozera izi kumathandiza tanthauzo la mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchokera ku Chigiriki chakale kupita ku Russian "kusowa" - "bile" ndi "στερεός" - "zovuta". Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi lipopeli mowa. Udindo wa cholesterol mu thupi la munthu ndi wabwino:

1. Amachita nawo mapangidwe a bile, popanda chakudya chomwe sichikudya.
2. Ndi mbali ya maselo a maselo.
3. Amagwira nawo ntchito yotchedwa cortisone - hormone yofunikira kuti thupi likhale loyenera.
4. Selo loyendetsa ku zinthu zosiyana, limbani mankhwala ovulaza ndi kuwachotsa ku thupi.
5. Cholesterol imakhudzidwa pakupanga mahomoni ogonana .

Thupili, monga mafuta onse, salowerera m'madzi. Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya cholesterol imapangidwa ndi thupi ndipo 20 peresenti yokha imachokera ku chakudya chodya. M'magazi, chigawochi chikupezeka ngati lipoproteins. Pali magulu angapo a mapuloteni oyendetsa:

• mkulu wolemera maselo (LPVL);
• zochepa zolemera maselo (LDL);
• otsika kwambiri maselo olemera (VLDL);
• chylomicrons.

Kodi LDL cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Kwa anthu wamba imatchedwa "zoipa." Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya cholesterol yomwe ili m'magazi a magazi imatanthauza LDL. Kugwirizana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi, chifukwa limatsimikizira kuti likugwira bwino ntchito. Komabe, ngati mlingo wochepa wa lipoproteins umaposa chizoloŵezi, izi ndizoopsa kale. Chifukwa cha kusamvetseka kumeneku, mtima wa mtima ukhoza kuvutika. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kudziŵa chomwe chiri chochepa cholesterol kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi chokulitsa izi.

Lipoproteins a gulu ili amasiyana mu kukula kwakukulu. Mapuloteni oterewa ndi 18-26 nm. Chifukwa chaichi iwo amatha kulowa mwachangu. Pamene m'magazi muli mankhwala oposa amenewa, amatha kudziunjikira pamapeto a capillaries, mitsempha ndi mitsempha, kupanga mapulogalamu a khungu. Poyesa kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda a atherosclerosis ndi matenda ena aakulu a mtima, mayesero apadera a magazi amachitika.

Kodi HDL ya cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Kwa ambiri amadziwika kuti "abwino". Mitundu imeneyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yaing'ono kwambiri. Chigawocho sichiposa 11 nm. Momwe akugwiritsira ntchito, gawo la mkango lili mu mapuloteni, pamene mafuta ali ochepa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti cholesterol chokwanira ndi chiyani, chifukwa chigawochi chimakhala ndi ntchito yofunikira mu thanzi. Olemba lipoproteins amatsuka ziwiya za mafuta zomwe zimasonkhanitsa pamwamba pawo. Izi zimakhala zowala kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito "zinyalala" zamoto ndikupita nazo ku hepatocytes. Apa, "wit" amatembenuzidwa kukhala mafuta acids, ndiyeno amachotsedwa kudzera mu kapangidwe ka zakudya.

Cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Chizindikiro ichi chimaphatikizapo "zabwino" ndi "zoipa" particles. Zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zachilendo. Zonse zochepa mtengo ndi ndondomeko zapamwamba zili zoopsa. Kusiyanitsa koteroko kungayambitse mavuto aakulu. Pa chifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti wodwala amvetse chomwe cholesterol chiri mu kuyesa magazi. Dokotala amuthandiza kuthana ndi ntchito yovutayi.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji mlingo wa kolesterolo m'magazi?

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chinthu choterocho m'thupi, lipidogram imayikidwa. Magazi amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa phunziro ili. Malingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, adokotala adzamfotokozera wodwalayo osati kokha cholesterol, komanso ngati ndi zachilendo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, amaphunzira ndi kufanizira zikhomo za LDL ndi HDL. Izi zimathandiza dokotala kuti aone ngati chiopsezo cha kusintha kwa atherosclerotic mu thupi.

Asanadziwe kuchuluka kwa kolesterolini m'magazi, wodwalayo adzalangizidwa kuti akonzekere. Ayenera kusintha izi:

1. Kusanthulaku kumaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kotero kadzutsa kadzakhala kanthawi kochepa. Kuwonjezera apo, mutatha kudya komaliza muyenera kutenga maola 10.
2. Masiku angapo musanayambe kufufuza, chakudya chambiri chiyenera kuchotsedwa ku zakudya.
3. Zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala omwe atengedwa (makamaka NSAIDs, omega-3, mavitamini). Ngati wodwala amamwa mankhwalawa nthawi zonse, ayenera kumuuza dokotalayo. Dokotala amadziwa kuti cholesterol ndi chiyani ndipo mankhwalawa amakhala ndi chiani pamlingo wake, kotero ena a iwo akhoza kulangizidwa kuti asiye kanthawi.
4. Theka la ora musanayese yesero, simungathe kusuta.
5. Musanalowe muofesi, komwe mukuyimira magazi, muyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri momwe mungathere.

Cholesterol mu anthu

Chigawochi chikuwerengedwa mu millimoles pa lita imodzi ya magazi. Malamulo osachepera ndi apamwamba amakhazikitsidwa a HDL ndi LDL. Pakali pano, muli cholesterol m'magazi a munthu wathanzi. Malamulo amasiyana. Kukula kwake kumadalira pa zinthu izi:

• kugonana;
• zaka.

Cholesterol mwa amayi

Pamoyo wonse, ntchitoyi ili kusintha. Kotero, mlingo wa cholesterol mu mayi wamkazi wazaka makumi atatu adzakhala wochepa kuposa wa mkazi wazaka makumi anayi. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti msinkhu wa kuchepa kwa thupi kumathamanga kwambiri, kotero kuti LDL sichikumana ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Komabe, panthawi yoyembekezera pali kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la mayi wamtsogolo. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili m'mapoproteins m'magazi a mkazi.

Cholesterol mwa amuna

Onetsetsani kuti ngati mumakhala malire ovomerezeka ndi chizindikiro cha chigawo ichi mwa woimira kugonana mwamphamvu, n'kosatheka. Pezani zotsatira zodalirika pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a magazi. Mlingo wa mafuta m'thupi umakhala wosiyana malinga ndi msinkhu. Munthu wamkuluyo, apamwamba kwambiri pamalo ake ovomerezeka a lipoproteins.

Cholesterol mwa ana

Mipiringi yambiri ya lipoproteins imapezeka osati kokha munthu wamkulu. Ana amakhalanso oterewa. Pa chifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti makolo adziŵe kuti mlingo wa cholesterol uli ndi mwana ndi ngati mtengo weniweni wa chizindikiro uli pamlingo woyenera. Dokotala adzawathandiza kuti amvetse funso ili. Adzafotokozera cholesterol ndikusanthula zotsatira zake. Ngati kuli kotheka, dokotala adzalamula kuti mwanayo athe kuchiritsidwa.

Cholesterol Chokwera

Ngati HDL ndi yoposa yachizolowezi, izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zachilendo, popeza palibe njira yochulukirapo yothandizira mankhwalawa. Amakhulupirira kuti kwambiri kupambanitsika kwa lipoproteins m'magazi, kumakhala koopsa kwa mtima wamtima. Komabe, nthawi zina kusalinganika kumeneku kungasonyeze kuphwanya kwa mphamvu ya mafuta. Izi zimafala kwambiri pamene:

• matenda a chiwindi ;
• chidakwa;
• kuledzera kosatha;
• matenda a dyslipidemia;
• kusintha kosinthasintha kumachitika m'chiwindi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa LDL ndi ngozi yaikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala amalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti mutenge lipidogram chaka chilichonse kwa aliyense amene wafika zaka makumi atatu, ndipo amakula kwambiri. Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri LDL cholesterol ndi:

1. Zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a mtima .
2. Amachepetsa magazi kupita ku ubongo. Zotsatira zake, ziwonetsero za ischemic zosakhalitsa zingachitike.
3. Zimapanga kusintha kwa atherosclerotic mu minofu ya mtima.
4. Zimayambitsa mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe imayambitsa stenosis, aneurysm kapena thrombosis.
5. Ndicho chifukwa cha kupweteka kapena matenda a mtima .

Zifukwa za Mwazi Wambiri wa Cholesterol

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchepa kwa lipoproteins mwina kunayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndizo:

1. Zakudya zopanda malire - zakudya zonunkhira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza, zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri (kuphika, kirimu, tchizi, ndi zina zotero).
2. Ukhondo - mwachitsanzo, hypercholesterolemia ikhoza kulengezedwa kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.
3. Kukhala ndi moyo wamoyo - asayansi amatsimikizira kuti hypotension imachititsa kuchepa kwa HDL ndi kuwonjezeka kwa LDL.
4. Kuloledwa kwa mankhwala ena - kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha "zabwino" cholesterol chingathe corticosteroids, kulera ndi mankhwala ena.
5. Kunenepa kwambiri -kumayambitsa chitukuko cha mtima wamtima.

Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kungayambitsidwe ndi matenda monga:

• shuga;
• anorexia;
• kusowa kwadzidzidzi;
• njira zowonjezereka ndi zinyimbo;
• Matenda a Cushing ;
• matenda opatsirana ndi zina zotero.

Cholesterol Chokwera - Chiyani?

Kuonetsetsa kuti mlingo wa lipoprotein umakhala wotani, mankhwala a magulu amenewa akhoza kuuzidwa:

• statins (Zokor, Krestor, Lipitor ndi ena);
• nicotinic asidi;
• Otsatira (Cholestan, Holestipol);
• fibrates (Chophimba, Fenofibrate);
• zakudya zowonjezera zakudya za omega-3.

Kuchepetsa cholesterol komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ayenera kusankhidwa payekha. Kwa odwala ena, njira yabwino kwambiri ikakhala theka la ola limodzi. Ena amangokonda kuyenda. Ndikofunika kuti ndichitetezo choterechi, chiwerengero cha nkhuku sichikuwonjezeka ndi 80%. Zochita zothandiza ndi kupuma. Zimathandiza kuti thupi lizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zowonongeka.

Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepa kwa LDL kumapangitsa kulemera kweniyeni. Ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sali ochepa, chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa kwa zakudya zawo: ziyenera kukhala zoyenera. Mukusowa magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso nthawi zambiri. Menyu ndi zofunika kuti ukhale ndi zinthu zoterezi:

• kabichi;
• adyo;
• soya;
• maapulo;
• mtedza;
• peyala;
• mbewu ndi nyemba;
• nsomba ndi nsomba, omega-3 fatty acids;
• chokoleti chakuda;
• masamba obiriwira ndi zipatso.

Ovomerezeka a mankhwala ochiritsira amadziwanso kuti cholesterol chokwanira ndi chiyani, kotero amalimbikitsa polimbana nacho kuti agwiritse ntchito zomera zotere:

• dioscreek ku Caucasus;
• mizu ya licorice;
• hawthorn;
• buluu;
• lipu;
• dandelion ndi zina zotero.

Cholesterol Chochepa

Kuopseza sikuwonjezeka kokha, koma kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha lipoproteins. Ichi ndi choopsa chochepa cha cholesterol cha HDL ndi:

1. Zimayambitsa chitukuko kapena nkhawa yowonjezera.
2. Zimadzaza ndi kuperewera kwa pathupi pa nthawi ya mimba.
3. Zimayambitsa kuphwanya magazi m'mitsuko ya ubongo.
4. Zingayambitse kusabereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mahomoni ogonana.
5. Zimayambitsa chitukuko cha hypoxia mu fetus ndi hypovitaminosis kapena rickets mu mwana.

Cholesterol Chochepa M'magazi - Zimayambitsa

Ngati ndondomeko ya HDL ili yochepa kusiyana ndi yachibadwa, izi zikusonyeza kuti thupi liri ndi vutoli:

• shuga;
• chiwindi cha chiwindi;
• njira zochizira;
• kusokonezeka mu ntchito ya impso;
• matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi;
• hypothyroidism.

Palinso chotsitsa cha LDL cholesterol. Sizowopsa ngati chizindikiro chowonjezeka. Cholesterol Chochepa M'magazi Amawonedwa ndi Matenda:

• kuperewera kwa magazi;
• nyamakazi ndi matenda ena ozungulirana;
• sepsis;
• myeloma;
• Matenda a Reynaud .

Cholesterol Chochepa - Chochita?

Ngati matenda a dyslipidemia amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana mkati, chizindikirocho chidzabwereranso mwachidziwikire atangomaliza mankhwalawo. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepetsa kolesterolini m'magazi kungachulukidwe mwa kukonza njira ya moyo. Chenjezo liyenera kulipidwa pa zinthu izi:

1. Chotsani zizoloŵezi zoipa. Kutaya nicotine ndi kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha HDL ndi 15%.
2. Kuwonjezera kulemera kwake - ndi kilogalamu iliyonse yowonjezera, kupanikizika pa ziwiya ndi minofu ya mtima imakula, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa LDL.
3. Kuwonjezera zochitika zathupi - kuyenda, kusambira, kuvina, yoga ndizovomerezeka.

Ngati mafuta otsika kwambiri a kolesterolini, akwezeretseni amathandiza zakudya zothandizira. Chakudyacho chiyenera kutsatira mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Zakudyazi ziyenera kukhala ndi mchere wambiri - zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
2. Nkofunika kuti kalori ya tsiku ndi tsiku ikhale ndi ndalama zowonjezera thupi.
3. Mtengo wamafuta sayenera kupitirira 25% mwa makilogalamu onse omwe amalandira patsiku.
4. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kudya chimanga.
5. Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chochepa (mu 5-6 receptions).