Gargoyle - kodi cholengedwa ichi cholengedwa?

Amene ali gargoyle ndi munthu wokhala ndi ziwanda yemwe amachititsa kuti mphamvu za chisokonezo zikhale zosiyana ndi mphamvu yaumulungu. Amatumikira angelo kuti apitirize kukhala ndi chilengedwe chonse. Amatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin - gargoyle - chiyankhulo cha mawu akuti "pharynx" ndi "whirlpool". Malingana ndi buku limodzi, kulira kwawo kunali ngati kukumbidwa, pambali inayo - inali chizindikiro chomwecho cha nthawi zosatha, monga madzi.

Gargoyle - ndani uyu?

Zojambulajambula zimapezeka m'maganizo osiyanasiyana, amadziwika bwino, chifukwa cha nthano za Ancient Greece. Agiriki anawapanga kukhala chifaniziro cha zoipa kapena chifuniro chabwino cha milungu, chomwe chimawunikira zolinga za anthu. Pali mabaibulo ambiri okhudza chiyambi, gargoyle ndi:

1. Umulungu wotsika kwambiri wa ziwanda.
2. Kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko lapansi.
3. Guardian wa Mdima, yemwe amatumikira Mphamvu za Kuwala.

Zikhulupiriro za anthu osiyanasiyana zasunga zizindikiro zambiri za zirombo izi:

• chidani cha zamoyo zonse, kwa anthu ndi mizimu yoyipa;
• nthawi zina kulowa mu mgwirizano ndi zinthu zina chifukwa cha phindu;
• Otsatira osakhoza kuwonongeka kwambiri ndi ovuta.

Kodi gargoyle amawoneka bwanji?

Gargoyle - cholengedwa chamaganizo, chodziwika chake ndi mphamvu yokhala mwala ndi kudzuka mmenemo, koma zimangokhala ndi chifuniro chake, osati cha wina. Iwo amawonetsedwa humanoid, ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe:

• mapiko a chikopa;
• mitsuko yakuthwa;
• mkango wamphamvu kapena nkhandwe, nthawizina - symbiosis ndi nkhope ya munthu.

Pamene gargoyle amalandira chilonda, chimayambiranso, kukhala mwala. Khungu lake limawoneka ngati munthu, liri ndi imvi. Patapita nthawi, gargoyles anayamba kufotokozedwa ngati chitsimikizo cha nyama zosiyanasiyana. Pali mabaibulo ambiri a chifukwa chake zolengedwa zauchiwandazi zinasankha kukhazikitsa padenga la akachisi:

1. Ayenera kuchotsa zoipa kunyumba, monga a Guardian amphamvu.
2. Kukumbutsa za tsogolo la ochimwa.
3. Panali kusiyana pakati pa kukongola kwa tchalitchi chachikulu mkati ndi chisokonezo kunja.

Kodi gargoyle amalira bwanji?

Kufuula kwa gargoyle tsopano kukuonedwa ngati nthano, olemba masewera akuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti alenge. Zimadziwika bwino kuti zolengedwa zinafuula poyandikira adani, kaya ndi adani kapena mizimu yoyipa. Zomwe zimawoneka, nthano sizinasunge. Atsogoleri achipembedzo adakopa kuti mbalame ya gargoyle ikufuula pamene munthu wokhala mumzinda amachimwa. Mosiyana kwambiri ndi mafano ena a fanoli ku tchalitchi chachikulu cha St. Vitus ku Prague, izi siziri zinyama, koma anthu osayera, ozizira kwambiri. Ochita kafukufuku akufotokozera chigamulo cha akalonga monga chikhumbo chokumbutsa umunthu wa machimo ndi matemberero omwe angathe kuikidwa m'miyala.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa gargoyle ndi chimera?

Kawirikawiri anthu amakhulupirira kuti gargoyles ndi chimeras ali ofanana, kusiyana pakati pawo ndi kocheperapo, koma pakadali pano. Zithunzi za Gothic chimeras zinadziwika, chifukwa cha ziboliboli za Cathedral of Notre Dame, izi ndizilombo:

• ndi chiwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga cha mphungu;
• mapiko a batter;
• mitu ya mbuzi kapena njoka.

Agiriki ankanena kuti mphamvu ya chimeras ndi mphepo yamkuntho, akatswiri a ku Middle Ages anapereka zolengedwa izi ngati chifaniziro cha miyoyo yakugwa yomwe singathe kulowa m'kachisimo. Mu Gothic gargoyles ndi chimera pafupifupi kusiyana kulikonse, kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti choyamba sichinali chinthu chokongoletsera, komanso chimatulutsa. Kudzera pammero mwa zolengedwa zauchiwanda, madzi adathamangira kutali ndi makoma ndipo sanasambe maziko a nyumbayi. Ndipo m'zaka za zana la 19 zokha iwo adalowetsedwa ndi zochepa, ndipo gargoyles adakhalabe chokongoletsera cha facade.

Gargoyle mu nthano

The gargoyle ndi cholengedwa chosaoneka, zithunzi zake zasinthidwa ndi nthawi, ngakhale pachiyambi mu nthano ya chiyambi akuyimiridwa ngati chinjoka. Pali nthano kuti mu 600 AD. pafupi ndi Seine anakhala chinjoka La Gargul, yemwe samalavulira ndi moto, koma ndi mitsinje yamadzi, yomwe imayambitsa madzi osefukira. Anthu okhala m'madera oyandikana nawo adamuyeretsa ndi anthu omwe amazunzidwa, akusankha olakwa pa izi.

Patapita zaka zingapo, Romanus anafika ku Rouen ndipo anavomera kuti awononge chinjokacho pofuna kusinthanitsa ndi anthu omwe amavomereza chikhulupiriro chachikhristu ndi kumanga tchalitchi m'mudzimo. Mgonjetso wapambana, thupi la chilombo linayeseratu kuwotcha, koma lawilo silinathe kuwononga mutu. Kenaka anthu okhala m'deralo anaika zotsalazo padenga la kachisi womangidwa ndi ulemu wa wansembe Romanus. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, mwambo wawonekera kuti ukongoletse nyumba ndi ziboliboli za gargoyles.