Kodi pali china chilichonse chokongola padziko lapansi kuposa maonekedwe obiriwira a chilengedwe, odzaza ndi mphuno zakuda zomwe zimapweteketsa m'munda kapena kumira mu maluwa okongola a zomera zowonjezera kutentha? Ndizizizira bwanji pakati pa kutentha kwa chilimwe kuti ziloŵe mumtendere ndi kuzizira, kuti zisakhale kutali ndi mzindawu pakati pa mawu a mbalame zamphepo ndi zonunkhira. Ndipo mtima wa wachikondi yemwe amamukonda amamupweteka bwanji pamene amweta ake akuweta amatha kudwala. Komabe, ngati simukukayikakayika, mungathe kukonza. Chida chophweka chomwe agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi wamaluwa kwa zaka zoposa khumi, Bordeaux madzi, adzatithandiza, kukonzekera ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe adzakambidwe pansipa.
Kodi ndikufunika kudziwa chiyani ndisanati ndipange Bordeaux madzi?
Musanayambe kukonzekera Bordeaux madzi, tiyeni tidziwe mbali zake ndi malamulo otetezeka. Ndipotu, mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri, choncho amafunika kukhala osamala pokonzekera komanso kupezeka kwa chidziwitso chochepa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti vuto la kuteteza munda ndi zomera zokongoletsera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi asayansi ndi filosofi akale. Komabe, zamagetsi m'makampaniwa anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito posachedwapa, zaka pafupifupi 150 zapitazo. Ndipo kukonzekera koyamba kwa zakumwa za Bordeaux kunachitika mu 1885 chifukwa cha Mfalansa Alexander Millarde. Anapanga fungicide yothandiza kwambiri kuteteza minda ya mpesa ku matenda otchedwa mildew.
Zolemba za Bordeaux madzi zimaphatikizapo zitatu zigawo zikuluzikulu: mkuwa vitriol, khalidwe quicklime ndi madzi. M'malo amodzi a laimu ndi madzi, otchedwa mkaka wa mandimu amakonzedwa, ndipo winanso ndi madzi otentha, mkuwa wa sulphate umadulidwa. Ziwiya zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ziyenera kukhala magalasi, kapena matabwa, kapena dongo, kapena kusungunuka. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazitsulo zamitengo ndi decoctions sikuvomerezeka, kupatula kwa zipangizo zopangidwa ndi mkuwa.
Mukasakaniza zigawozikulu, vitriol yamkuwa imatsanulidwa mkaka wa laimu ndi mtsinje wochepa thupi, pamene chisakanizocho chimaphatikizidwa ndi pini yopukuta. Zotsatira zake, ziyenera kupezeka ndi madzi okongola a buluu. Chonde chonde! Pamene mukuphika, mbali zonse za Bordeaux madzi ayenera kukhala ozizira ndi kulumikizana ndendende monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, osati mofanana. Mukhoza kuyang'ana kusaloŵerera m'nkhani ya mapepala a litmus kapena chinthu chilichonse chachitsulo, mpeni, msomali, waya, makamaka chofunika, ayenera kukhala oyera. Ngati pepala kapena mpeni wakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wofiira wamkuwa, ndiye kuti mkaka wa mandimu uyenera kuwonjezeredwa mpaka kuwonongeka kumatayika. Popanda kutero, mukhoza kutentha masamba a zomera ndiyeno sadzafanso ku bowa, koma kuchoka ku korona. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe tingakonzekere Bordeaux madzi mu chiwerengero.
Kodi mungapange bwanji 1% ndi 3% Bordeaux madzi?
Kuti mupeze 10 malita a 1% Bordeaux madzi, mutenge 100 g zamkuwa sulphate ndi 100-120 g of quicklime. Sulphate ya Copper yoyamba kutsanulira madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi kusonkhezera, ndiyeno ndi madzi ozizira mubweretse njirayi pamtunda wa 5 malita. Mu chidebe chosiyana, madzi okwanira 1 litre, chotsani laimu ndikubweretsanso voliyumu 5 malita ndi madzi ozizira. Komanso, mutangotha kuzizira zonsezi, pang'onopang'ono, muthamangitsire, kutsanulira vitriol mu laimu ndipo, mutinso mukusakaniza zonse bwino, yang'anani chisakanizo cha mkuwa. Ngati ilipo, tsitsani mkaka wa mandimu. Kawirikawiri, chigawo ichi chiyenera kukonzekera chachitatu kuposa mkuwa wa sulphate. Mulole mankhwalawo akhale ofooka pang'ono kuposa omwe akufunayo, kuposa masamba omwe awotche. Pofuna kukonzekera 3% Bordeaux madzi ofanana nawo, muyenera kutenga 300 g zamkuwa sulphate, 350-450 g wa mandimu, 10 malita a madzi ndikubwereza izi.
Ntchito ya Bordeaux madzi
Nkhumba zowonongeka monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popopera mbewu zamitengo ndi zitsamba kuchokera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal. Processing Bordeaux apulo, peyala, mphesa, currant, jamu ndi mbewu zina adzawapulumutsa iwo nkhanambo, powdery mildew, phytophthora, mphete zithunzi ndi zosiyanasiyana zowola. Yambani kupopera mbewu kuchokera kumayambiriro a masika, mpaka maluwa ayamba. Pakati pa maluwa ndi fruiting, mankhwalawa amaimitsidwa ndikukonzanso kumapeto kwa August - kumayambiriro kwa September mutatha kukolola. Tsopano mukuona kuti kudziwa kuphika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi ndi chipulumutso chenicheni cha munda wanu.