Tomato m'dziko lathu amakula ndi aliyense amene ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono. Ndipotu, ndani sakonda kudya m'chilimwe watsopano yowutsa mudyo masamba, ndi m'nyengo yozizira - tomato mchere . Komabe, alimi ambiri amalimidwe pa tomato nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta kuti ndiwo zamasamba zimayambitsidwa ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a tomato ndi phytophthora - matenda a fungal a zomera, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo bowa Phytophthora infestans.
Poyamba, kuwala kochedwa kukuwonetseredwa ndi madontho a madzi pa masamba a phwetekere, omwe kenako amauma ndi kuganiza mtundu wofiirira. Kuphimba koyera kumaonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba, omwe ndi spore wa bowa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chitukuko cha phwetekere chimapezeka mofulumira ndipo mawanga akuwoneka pamasamba mwamsanga akufalikira palimodzi. Mavuto abwino pa chitukuko cha matendawa a tomato amadziwika kuti ndi chinyezi pamtunda wotsika kwambiri. Ndipo kugonjetsa vuto lochedwa mochedwa limatha mbande za tomato, ndi zomera zazikulu.
Kodi mungatani kuti muteteze tomato kuchokera kumapeto kwa choipitsa?
Kuti tomato apewe matendawa, woyang'anira minda amayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowononga kuchepa kwadongosolo lonse la tomato.
Choyamba, musaiwale kuti chomeracho chimakhalabe cha tomato chitatha pambuyo pokolola, chingathetse kutsutsana kwa bowa. Choncho, nsonga zonsezi ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, bowa amakhalabe pansi ndipo akhoza kukhala kumeneko kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kotero kuchotsa vuto lochedwa limatha kuthandizira kukonzanso kwa nthaka musanadzalemo.
Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti tomato atenga mabedi owala kwambiri. Ngati kuwala kwa dzuŵa kuli kokwanira kufika pammera, ndiye kuti pamwamba pa zipatso ndi masamba amatha kutentha ndi kuuma, kuteteza kumera kwa spores. Pa nthawi yomweyo, oyandikana nawo pamabedi akhoza kukhala anyezi, adyo, kabichi, nyemba, letesi, radish, koma palibe nandolo, katsabola, nkhaka kapena mbatata.
Njira ina yothetsera vutoli ndi kuonjezera chitetezo cha zomera ndi kuonjezera kukana phytophthora, imatengedwa pamwamba pa kuvala kwa tomato pa kucha kwa zipatso ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous feteleza. Komanso, asayansi amalimbikitsa kuchita phytophthora njira zowononga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala fungicidal kanthu, pakati pawo kutalikirana ndi dongosolo fungicides. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti alimi ambiri ogwira ntchito yamagalimoto amasankha kusankha mbeu za phwetekere za mitundu yambiri yomwe amawoneka kuti ndi yosagonjetsedwa ndi vuto lochedwa, kapena mitundu yoyambirira yakucha yomwe imakula musanafike.
Kodi kuthana ndi mochedwa choipitsa wa tomato?
Pa gawo loyamba la kulimbana ndi kuchepa kwa tomato, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda. Izi ndizotheka ngati kuchotsedwa kwa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi zipatso, kuyang'ana chomera m'mawa ndi madzulo. Komabe, pochotsa masamba odwala, pali
Ponena za chithandizo cha phwetekere mochedwa choipitsa, chimapangidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kukhudzana ndi fungicides. Zithandizo za bluetooth zimathandiza njira zomwe zili ndi mkuwa: Bordeaux madzi, cuproxate, mkuwa oxychloride, ndi zina zotero. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa anthu kuvulaza, munthu sayenera kuiwala njira zowatetezera. Izi zikuphatikizapo: trichodermine, phytosporin ndi mavitanidwe ena omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa omwe amatha kuwononga ndi kulepheretsa chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.