Kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa dziko lapansi musanabzala mbande, kukula kwa zomera kumadalira pa nthawi yokolola. Choncho, alimi ogwira ntchito zamalima amapereka chidwi ichi.
Kodi mungayambitse bwanji nthaka musanadzale mbande?
Pali njira zambiri zowonongetsera nthaka kwa mbande, zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri ndi izi:
- Mitengo yambiri yozizira komanso yofiira. Njira iyi ili ndi zotsatirazi. Thumba kapena chidebe chokhala ndi nthaka ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu cha chisanu chimayikidwa panja (pa khonde kapena m'chipinda china). Pambuyo pa nthaka, imabweretsa chipinda chofunda kwa masiku 7-10. Pakati pa kutentha, tizirombo timadzuka ndipo udzu umayamba kumera. Kenaka chidebe ndi dziko lapansi chimatengedwanso ku chisanu ndikukhalabe ozizira. Patapita kanthawi, nthaka imayikidwa kachiwiri kutentha, kenaka ku chisanu. Njirayi imakhala yothandiza kwambiri, koma sitingathe kupirira matenda aakulu monga kuchepa kwa nthawi yochepa.
- Kutentha kwa nthaka. Njirayi ikuchitika mosavuta mu colander, yomwe ili ndi nsalu, imatsanulira mmenemo ndi pulasitiki ndikuyiika pamphika madzi otentha. Pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha colander ndi chivindikiro ndikuchiyika pa moto wochepa kwa mphindi 20-30. Pali kuperewera kwa nthaka ndi chiwonongeko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chosavuta ndi chakuti zamoyo zowonjezereka zimafanso.
- Kuyeza nthaka mu uvuni. Madzi otentha omwe amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5 amatsanulira pazitsulo ndi kutenthedwa mu uvuni wotentha mpaka 70-90 ° C.
- Kukuwomba kwa nthaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zojambulazo kapena zojambulazo ndipo izi zimapangidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 90-100 ° C. Pambuyo pake pansi, imatsanulira pa filimu kapena pepala lokhala ndi masentimita 10 ndikulola kuti likhale lodzaza ndi mpweya. Izi zidzatheketsa kupeza malo omwe ali ndi mapangidwe abwino.
- Kuchiza kwa nthaka musanabzala mbande ndi phytosporin. Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya ndi a fungal. Pogwiritsa ntchito, konzekerani yankho pa mlingo wa supuni imodzi pa 10 malita a madzi pa 1 sq.m.
Kodi mungamwetse bwanji nthaka musanadzale mbande?
Nthaka isanayambe kubzala mbande nthawi zambiri imatayika:
- fungicide, mwachitsanzo, maziko;
- 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate;
- yankho la Aktar;
- madzi otentha otentha ndi kusungidwa komweko mu chisanu.
Kukonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa dothi la mbeu kumathandiza kuthana ndi mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mazira a tizilombo toononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.