N'zosatheka kulingalira moyo wopanda mphamvu zakutali, mawotchi apanyumba, kuyimba zojambula za ana, ziwotchi ndi zinthu zina zambiri zomwe batri ndi batiri. Ndipo ngakhale kuti kuwonjezeka kwodziwika kunayamba kugwiritsa ntchito rechargeable (rechargeable) mabatire, wamba samasiya kumasula, chifukwa iwo ali oyenerera kuyenda ndi malo omwe palibe kuthekera kuti uwagulire iwo. Choncho, panalifunika kupanga mabatire omwe angagwire ntchito yaitali. Choncho panali lithiamu mabatire.
M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira momwe batri ya lithiamu yapangidwira, kulembera komanso ngati ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa.
Chipangizo cha lithiamu batri
Bateri ya lithiamu imayambitsa mankhwala monga mchere, alkalini ndi zamchere, lithiamu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa anode.
Ubwino wa mabatire a lithiamu ndi awa:
- kutentha kwakukulu kumene ndimatha kugwira ntchito;
- mphamvu yamphamvu yamagetsi;
- kutalika kalasi (zaka 15);
- cholemera;
- kudzipiritsa kwazing'ono.
Malinga ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma batri a lithiamu ndi awa:
- lithium chitsulo disulphide;
- lithium-thionyl chloride;
- lithium-fluorocarbon;
- lithiamu-manganese dioxide;
- lithiamu-sulfure dioxide;
- lithiamu;
- lithiamu-copper oxide.
Pakati pawo, zimasiyana pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito: malire a kutentha, opaleshoni komanso mphamvu zamagetsi.
Chifukwa cha zovuta za kupanga, mabatire amenewa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kulemba pa mabatire a lithiamu ndizofunikira:
- AAA, AA, C, D - kusonyeza kukula;
- L - gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a lithiamu;
- R, F - mawonekedwe (cylindrical kapena flat);
- chiwerengero ndi radiyo.
Mabatire a lithium amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kwa maola, makompyuta ndi zipangizo zachipatala, zipangizo zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula, ndi zipangizo zoyesera. Kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, amapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana: silinda, mapiritsi, mabatani, mabwalo, ndi zina zotero.
Mabatire a lithiamu omwe sangathe kuwomboledwa
Ngati batiri ya lithiamu yowonjezera siidakali yofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, ndiye kuti (rechargeable) mabatire - amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi magetsi onse opangira magetsi: laptops, matelefoni, makamera ndi ena.
Pali mitundu iwiri:
- lithiamu-ion;
- lithiamu-polymer.
Monga mabatire amtundu wa lithiamu, maselo a betri amayambanso kugwira bwino ntchito, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa electrolyte yamadzi, amakhala otetezeka pa zachilengedwe ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe alionse. Koma iwo ali ovuta kwambiri kubwezeretsa ndi kubwezeretsa, kotero nthawi zonse ayenera kulipira ndi kutulutsa limiter mu chipangizo chojambulira. Mabatire a lithiamu-polymer ali abwino mabatire a lithiamu-ioni, amagwiritsa ntchito gel electrolyte. Koma iwo sali okonzeka kuti agwiritse ntchito, chifukwa batriyamu yoteroyo imayenera kuimbidwa ndi galasi yapadera.
Mofanana ndi mabakiteriya amchere ndi amchere, pali malamulo ogwira ntchito ndi lithiamu, koma kusagwirizana ndi malamulowa kungabweretse mavuto aakulu (moto, kupasuka).
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mabatire a lithiamu, pangani zotsatirazi:
- sungani mu dziko loperekedwa mu malo ozizira;
- onetsetsani kutentha kwa ntchito;
- Pewani kukwanira nthawi zonse;
- Pewani kuyatsa moto, mphindi yochepa pakati pa oyanjana nawo, kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa nyumba ndi madzi mkati mwake;
- Musagwiritse ntchito ma tebulo omwe sanapangidwe mtundu uwu wa batri.
Beteli itatha nthawi yake, sikuvomerezeka kuti itayike ndi zowonongeka zonse zakudya, koma ziyenera kuperekedwa kuzipadera za kulandila mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithetse bwino popanda chilengedwe.