Mankhwala amawotcha

Kutentha kwa mankhwala ndi chiwonongeko cha minofu chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi mankhwala wothandizira - asidi, alkali, mafuta, mafuta, phosphorous, bitumen, mafuta osasunthika, ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa amawonekera pamwamba pa miyendo, thunthu, kawirikawiri - nkhope, maso, pakamwa, pamphuno.

Mitundu ya mankhwala oyaka moto

Mwa mtundu wa mankhwala wothandizira amasiyanitsa:

• asidi oyaka (sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric ndi zina zidulo);
• mafuta amchere (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, etc.);
• fungo la fluoride (hydrofluoric acid);
• phenolic;
• phosphoric ndi ena.

Choyamba chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cha kutentha kwa mankhwala chimadalira mtundu wa wothandizira, motero ndikofunika kudziŵa chomwe chimachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke.

Maphunziro a zotentha zamadzimadzi

Mofanana ndi zotentha zamatenthesi, mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke amagawidwa motere.

• 1 digita - limodzi ndi redness ndi kutupa.
• 2 digitala - pa kutupa kofiira khungu, mitsempha yaikulu imapangidwa;
• 3 digiri - zigawo zonse za khungu zimakhudzidwa;
• 4 digiri - kugonjetsedwa kumakwirira fupa.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti zizindikiro za mankhwala otentha samadziwonetsera okha nthawi yomweyo, kotero n'zotheka kuyesa digiri yake pokhapokha ataperekedwa thandizo loyamba. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi ululu woyaka mmalo momwe mankhwala aliri, ndi kufiira pang'ono. Ngati simungayambe mwamsanga, kutentha kumachokera ku 1 digita 2 mpaka 3, popeza mankhwalawo akupitirirabe, kulowa mkati mwa zigawo za minofu.

Thandizo ndi mankhwala oyaka

Zochita zoyenera ndi mankhwala oyaka moto zingachepetse chiopsezo chachikulu cha minofu ndikuwonjezera mwayi wa mankhwala ofulumira komanso othandiza.

1. Siyani mankhwala. Ngati mankhwalawa ataya zovala, ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, kapena bwino - kudula.
2. Pewani chilonda pansi pa madzi abwino ozizira 10 - mphindi 20, ngati chithandizo chikuchedwa, nthawi yochapa ikuwonjezeka mpaka 30-40 mphindi.
3. Sambani chilonda ndi wothandizira.
4. Ikani chovala chosakera (musagwiritse ntchito thonje!).
5. Itanani ambulansi kapena mupulumutse ozunzidwa ku malo oyaka moto.

Pukuta ndi madzi sangathe:

• Kutentha ndi mandimu - Kutseka kwake kumaphatikizapo kutulutsa kutentha, ndipo minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa idzalandiranso kutentha kwa kutentha; Limu limachotsedwa pakhungu pang'onopang'ono, kenaka imatulutsidwa;
• kuyaka ndi mankhwala a aluminium - kukhudzana ndi madzi kwadzala ndi moto; wothandizira amachotsedwa khungu ndi njira ya mowa.

Kuchiza kwa mankhwala oyambitsa mankhwala

Pukuta bala ndi njira yothetsera mankhwala kuchokera ku mankhwala oyaka moto pokhapokha mutatsuka yaitali ndi madzi!

• Zotentha zamchere zimatengedwa ndi zofooka za acids (acetic, boric, mandimu);
• kupsa kwa asidi kupukuta ndi njira yothetsera soda;
• Phosphoric burns amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito kuvala kosakaniza ndi potsimikiza potassium permanganate kapena mkuwa sulphate;
• Phenol amatentha ndi ethyl mowa kapena vodka;
• Kutentha laimu kutsata ndi shuga njira.

Kuchiza kwa mankhwala oyambitsa mankhwala

Ngati khungu limakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala, ndikofunika kukaonana ndi dokotala, Popeza anthu ena kupatulapo kutentha amachititsa kuti poizoni azikhala ndi poizoni. Ndiponso, kutentha kwa mankhwala kumaphatikizidwa ndi vuto loopsya, limene panyumba silingathe kupirira. Chokhachokha ndikutentha kwa digirii limodzi ndi malo osapitirira ndalama - zowonongeka koteroko sizikusowa.

Kuchiritsa pang'ono thupi kutentha, monga matenthedwe, kumathandizidwa ndi mankhwala monga Panthenol, Vishnevsky mafuta, Solcoseryl. Monga mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ayodini. Mwachigawo, izo zimatsutsana kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa mafuta omwe amadzipangira mankhwala kuchokera ku mankhwala oyaka chifukwa cha maphikidwe a anthu ndi mankhwala ena osakhala wosabala komanso osapatsidwa mankhwala.