Mchere wamchere - pafupifupi pafupifupi tebulo lonse la Mendeleev, zinthu zomwe zimadyetsa zomera ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofulumira komanso zowonjezereka mu ulimi kuposa organic. Tiyeni tiganizire mitundu yayikulu ya feteleza mchere ndi maonekedwe awo.
Chiwerengero cha feteleza mchere
Momwemonso, feteleza onse amchere akhoza kugawa m'magulu awiri:
- chophweka;
- zovuta.
Malingana ndi chigawo ichi, feteleza zosavuta zimakhala ndi chigawo chimodzi muzokonzedwa, feteleza zovuta zili ziwiri kapena kuposa.
Malingana ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha mchere, zonse zamchere feteleza zigawanika:
1. Manyowa - kuthandizira kulimbikitsa mbali ya dziko lapansi. Mitundu yonse ya nayitrogeni feteleza imatha kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, yomwe imatulutsidwa m'nthaka mwezi usanayambe kukumba. Ali ndi mitundu 4:
- nitrate (sodium ndi calcium nitrate);
- ammonium (ammonium sulfate);
- amide (urea);
- ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate).
2. Phosphoric - yowonjezera chiyambi cha maluwa ndi kumangiriza zipatso pa iwo. Zimapangidwa m'dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe panthawi ya kukumba. Nthawi ya kuwonongeka kwa feteleza yoteroyi ndi theka ndi theka kwa miyezi iwiri, imasungunuka bwino m'madzi. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya phosphoric mineral fertilizers ndi izi:
- chophweka superphosphate;
- awiri superphosphate;
- ufa wa phosphorite.
3. Potash - kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zokolola ndikuwonjezera kukanika kwa matenda, kuonjezera kukoma kwa zipatso ndikuwonjezera moyo wa alumali. Mafinitsi onse a potashi amasungunuka mosamala m'madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamwambo woyera, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi ma microelements. Ambiri feteleza amachokera ku potaziyamu:
- mchere wa potaziyamu;
- potaziyamu chloride;
- sulfate ya potaziyamu.
Manyowa amchere amaphatikizapo zowonjezera zamitundu:
- ammophos;
- nitroammophoska;
- diammofosca;
- nitrophosphate .
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndi chiwerengero choyenera cha kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa feteleza mchere. Izi ziyenera kupangidwa ndikuganizira za kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwira ntchito ndi ndondomeko zowonjezera zinthu pazomera zinazake.
Kuonjezerapo, nthawi zina zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere feteleza kuti agwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu apamwamba a foliar. Ndipo mitundu ina ya feteleza mchere, mwachitsanzo, urea, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera komanso mizu yopangira mizu, chifukwa nayitrogeni ikasungunuka m'madzi bwino.