North Korea, Ethiopia, India, Iran ndi Afghanistan ndi mayiko ena ndi mayiko ena anakana kulandira kalendala, yomwe masiku 365 pachaka!
Anthu sakhala akuyimira kukhalapo popanda kukhazikitsidwa mu 1582 kalendala ya Gregory, yomwe nyengo zinayi ndi masiku 365. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawiyi, aliyense wokhala pa dziko lapansi amapunthwa panthawi yokonza mapepala, ntchito, kupezeka kwa maphunziro komanso ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi komanso kusankha zinthu zomwe zili ndi shelf moyo. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi chakuti pa dziko lathuli pali mayiko kapena mayiko omwe adasiya kalendala yowonjezera nthawi zina (nthawi zina zodabwitsa!) Kusiyana kwa kuwerengera masiku mu chaka ...
United States of America
Kuti titsimikize kuti America amagwiritsa ntchito kalendala yachizolowezi ya Gregory, simukusowa kutsegula visa - ingoonani mafilimu kapena mafilimu a Hollywood. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi chakuti ambiri ulimi umanena, momwe, monga momwe tikudziwira, anthu a ku America omwe amakhala osamala, amakhala nawo, komwe kuli kalendala ya Juliusbe - kachitidwe ka chiwerengero kamapangidwa mwa kulemekeza Julius Caesar mu 45 BC. Kutalika kwa chaka cha Julian ndi masiku 365.25, zomwe zimapangitsa chisokonezo m'malemba a boma. Tsiku loyamba la mwezili limatchedwa calend, ndipo tsiku lotsiriza limatchedwa id.
North Korea
Dziko lotsekedwa ndi loopsya la zamakono mu chirichonse likuyesera kusonyeza kuti mayiko ena ali osiyana nawo. Anthu ake amakhala ndi kalendala yawo ndipo anaitcha kuti "Juche nthawi". Inayambika pa July 8, 1997. Chiyambi chake ndi chaka cha kubadwa kwa Kim Il Sung, yemwe anayambitsa chigawo cha North Korea - 1912. Mu zikalata zapadziko lonse, amaloledwa kuwonetsera mabakita pachaka kalendala ya Gregory - mwachitsanzo, 106 (2017).
Taiwan
M'madera omwe akulamulidwa ndi Republic of China, kalendala ya Mingo inayambitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Monga momwe zinalili pa kalendala ya Juche, chaka choyamba chinali 1912 - choncho adagamula chisankho cha Kuomintang, chomwe chinagonjetsa mphamvu. Mu 1949, boma linasintha, China adachotsa ntchitoyo kuchokera ku mayiko akunja, koma anthu okhala pachilumba cha Taiwan anali atatopa ndi kalendara ndipo adasunga kalendala ya Mingo. Lero ndi ana okha kusukulu omwe angathe kuwerengedwa molingana ndi njira yachikale ya kuwerengera.
India
Anthu a ku India, monga anthu a ku Taiwan, sakonda kusintha dongosolo la kalendala ya boma. Koma mu 1954 kunali India yomwe inathandizira France ndi Soviet Union pakupanga ntchito ya kalendala ya dziko la Armelin. Inavomerezedwa ndi bungwe la UN: dongosolo latsopanoli limatenga magawo anayi kwa masiku 91 ndipo liyenera kukhala lamodzi padziko lonse lapansi. Tsoka ilo, onse koma ma India a Rajasthan, Haryana ndi Bihar adayiwala za chitukukochi. M'madera ena onse a India, ndiletsedwa kubweretsa mabungwe achipembedzo.
Wolamulira Wamkulu wa India
M'madera omwewo, madera angapo (West Bengal, Assam ndi Tripura) adalandira ufulu wochokera ku utsogoleri wa dziko mwa kukhazikitsa dongosolo lawo lokhazikitsa malamulo. Amatchula kalendala molingana ndi kalendala ya dzuwa, yomwe imatchedwanso Bengali. Amapatulira Mfumu Shashank, yomwe ikulamulira ku India m'zaka za m'ma VI. Kalendala imagawidwa mu nyengo zisanu ndi chimodzi - youma, yozizira, masika, mvula, yophukira ndi chilimwe, iliyonse yomwe ili miyezi iwiri yokha.
Autonomy of Tibet
Kumadzulo kwa China, pali dera la Tibet lodziimira, limene Achi China amachitcha Sichang. Zinyumba za Tibet zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo zinavomereza kupanga kalendala ya lunisolar pa chaka chozizira cha miyezi 13. Zonsezi zimayamba ndi mwezi watsopano: uwu ndi chaka chotchedwa Losar. Masiku a sabata ali ndi mayina a zakumwamba: Lolemba - Mwezi, Lachiwiri - Mars, Lachitatu - Mercury, Lachinayi - Jupiter, Lachisanu - Venus, Loweruka - Saturn ndi Lamlungu - Sun.
Ethiopia
Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ku Ethiopia chinafikira kukhazikitsa kalendala yosakanikirana yochokera ku Alexandria ndi ku Igupto wakale. Chiyambi cha chaka chiri mmenemo chimadza pa August 30 kapena pa 29 August, ngati chaka chinali chaka chotsatira. Masiku asanu kapena asanu kumapeto kwa December adayikidwa mu mwezi wa 13, womwe umakhala mwambo wa maholide atatu. Kalendala ya ku Aitiyopiya ndiyo kalendala yokhayokha yomwe dziko silinayambe pakati pausiku, koma dzuwa likatuluka.
Nepal
Ku Himalayas ndi boma la Nepal, kumalire ndi India ndi Tibet, kutenga maziko a masikuwo kuwerengera nthawi zakale za Vikram-samvat, zotengedwa ndi Emperor Vikramaditya. Ngakhale a Nepalese okhawo samadziwa nthawi zingati zomwe zidzakhale mwezi wotsatira, koma chiwerengero chawo choyambirira chikusiyana pakati pa masiku 29 ndi 35. M'zaka zosiyana mumwezi womwewo ku Nepal mukhoza kukhala 3, 4 kapena milungu isanu.
Ireland
Ku Ireland, monga m'mayiko a Orthodox, mungapeze "Okhulupirira Kale" omwe amakhulupirira milungu ya Celtic. Ambiri achijeremani a ku Ireland amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yakale, yomwe masiku a nthawi yozungulira ndi yotchedwa equinox amaonedwa kuti ndizokulu pa nyengo. Nyengo yamasika imatengedwa pakatikati pa kasupe, ndipo nyengo yozizira imatchedwa pakati pa nyengo yozizira. Ndi Samayna (usiku kuyambira pa October 31 mpaka November 1), nthawi "yakuda" ya chaka imayamba, ndipo kuchokera ku Beltein (May 1) - "kuwala", mwachitsanzo. chilimwe.
Iran ndi Afghanistan
Kalendala ya boma m'mayiko awa inakhazikitsidwa ndi Omar Khayyam, koma pafupifupi chaka chilichonse zikusintha. Icho chimatchedwa "Hijra ya dzuwa": chiyambi cha chaka ndi tsiku la equinox ya vernal, pamene Navruz imakondwerera. Chaka chimagawidwa mu nyengo zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo chimalowetsa m'modzi mwa awiri - H kapena shahânsha .. Amasintha mogwirizana ndi lamulo la wolamulira, koma omalizira awo akhala akugwira ntchito kuyambira 1312 mpaka lero.