Pakati pa ming'alu, mitengo ya nandolo ya Turkey imasiyanitsidwa ndi mbewu zosazolowereka komanso zothandiza kwambiri, ndiyo maziko a zakudya zambiri za ku Asia. Munda wamtundu uwu ndi zakudya patsogolo pa achibale ake onse ndipo amafunika kulembetsa m'nyumba iliyonse.
Nkhumba zotchedwa Turkey (chickpeas) - ndondomeko
Chomeracho chili ndi mayina angapo - nthanga ya nkhuku, nandolo, mapeyala achigalu, nandolo. Mavitamini a nthenda yamtundu wakufupi ndi magawo 1-2, mu mbewu zina mpaka 4, zipatso kumbaliyi ndi tuberculate-rough, kunja kwafanana ndi mutu wa kamwana kakang'ono. Nthi - chomera chamtengo wapatali, kuchikulitsa kumbuyo kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa mwiniwake. Ngakhale mndandanda wafupipafupi wa ming'oma ya Turkey imathandizira kuwona zonse zofunika kuchokera ku kulima kwake kumudzi wakumidzi.
Kodi ndi zotchuka bwanji pa nandolo za Turkey?
- Nkhuku zingathe kudyedwa mu yophika ndi yaiwisi, mtengo wapatali wakula nyemba.
- Nthano yaing'ono ya glycemic imapangitsa nandolo kukhala yofunika kwambiri pa zakudya za shuga.
- Ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, nkhuku ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zophika nyama, choncho ndi bwino kuti anthu odyetsa zomera ndi Akhristu azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya kusala.
- Mu nandolo ya Turkey, phosphorous yambiri, pali magnesium ndi potaziyamu, riboflavin ndi lecithin, mavitamini akulu.
- Kuwonjezera pa chakudya chamtengo wapatali, nandolo za Turkey zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna chakudya.
- Zimakhulupirira kuti ponena za zakudya zabwino, nyemba zimenezi zimalowetsa nsomba m'malo odyetsera zakudya.
- Zakudya zam'chitini za zomera izi ndi zothandiza komanso zokoma, ndipo ufa wa iwo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika ndi kuphika mapiri.
Chickpea - kukwera
Nkhumba za Turkey siziri za zomera zopanda nzeru komanso zovuta. Kawirikawiri amalekerera nyengo yowuma ndipo mvula ikamayambiranso bwino zomera, kubweretsa zokolola zabwino. Zovuta kwambiri mtundu wa nyemba umakula ndi mvula yambiri, kudabwa ndi askohitosis, kuchititsa ovary kulephera. Chomerachi chimakhala ngati chikhalidwe chosazizira cha tsiku lalitali, kulimbana ndi chisanu choopsa pansi pa chisanu. Ku Uzbekistan, kubzala kwa nandolo ya nkhuku kumachitika m'dzinja.
Momwe mungabzalitsire nkhuku?
Nandolo siimathetsa nthaka, koma imapereka zokolola zambiri pa siteti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pa mbewu zonse. Mkhalidwe wofunikira - kusowa kwa namsongole osatha, kulemetsa chisamaliro cha mabedi. Mitengo ya dothi imakhudza kuya kwa mbeu. Zomwe zimakhala bwino, zimatsekedwa pa 6-8 masentimita, ngati mbeu imatulutsidwa m'nyengo youma, ndiye kuti pitirizani kukula kwa mbeu khumi mpaka 10. Kuonjezera kukula ndi kuonjezera zokolola, fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala chickpea - nitrate, nitroammophosco , superphosphate .
Njira zolima mitengo ya nandolo:
- mzere (kubzala mbewu pambuyo 15 cm),
- njira ya tepi (zingapo zingapo zocheperapo zosiyana ndi kusiyana kochepa),
- Zingwe zazikulu (m'lifupi mwake pakati pa 45-60 masentimita).
Kodi ndikufunika kuti ndizitsitsimule nkhuku musanabzalidwe?
Mu kasupe wouma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tifike nkhuku, kubzala ndikukula chomera mwanjirayi sizimasiyana ndi zovuta. Mbeu zoyenera kubzala zimaphimbidwa ndi madzi ndipo zimasiya maola 12, kusintha madzi pambuyo pa maola atatu. N'zotheka, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha mbewu, ndikukonzekeretsa mbeu ndikukonzekera bwino. Ngati dothi liri lonyowa, ndiye nyemba zimabzalidwa popanda kuthira.
Kodi kudzala nkhuku?
Kubzala nkhuku m'chaka cha nyengo zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi nyengo. Agronomists amalimbikitsa kutsogolera nkhaniyi pa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa nthaka. Kumayambiriro kasupe frosts kuti akuwombera Turkey nandolo ndi pafupifupi zopanda phindu, choncho yabwino nthawi yofesa chickpeas akuwotha pamwamba chapamwamba wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi kutentha kwa 5-6 ° C.
Kodi mungamange bwanji nkhuku m'dziko?
Mosiyana ndi nandolo, chomera ichi sichitha ndipo sichitha ku malo ogona. Pofuna kulima nthaka yosavuta ndi yofewa, zimapindulitsa kwambiri popanga mabedi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20 cm. Herbicide Turkey imalekerera bwino, ndi bwino kulima nthaka yofesa kapena yopanga, koma popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chemistry.
Mitedza yamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Famu ya boma. Malinga ndi mitundu yofiira, zomera zimatha masiku 105. Mapuloteni m'mbewu - mpaka 24%, opereka ndi teknoloji yabwino ya ulimi - 3.8 kg / 10 sq.m. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi askohitosis.
- Krasnokutsky 195. Nyemba zabwino, zokoma, zokhwima bwino zimaphika bwino. Tchire cha mbewuyi ndizowonongeka, kusagonjetsedwa kwa chilala, nyembazi sizimasokoneza. Zokolola za nkhuku pamene zikukula malingana ndi malamulo onse a ulimi - 3,5 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Chikumbutso. Mitengo imapereka chikasu cha mtundu wa chikasu chokoma kwambiri ndi 27% mapuloteni. Zokolola za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi 3 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Budzhak. Chiyukireniya zosiyanasiyana ndi kuwala beige nyemba, baka kuima, nthawi yokolola ndi masiku 90. Mbewu imakula kufika 1.8 t / ha.
Mitedza ya Turkey - kuthirira
Kuti nkhuku zikhale zoyenera kukula mu nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kwina kumafunika kokha mu zaka youma. Kutsanulira pamwamba kwa nandolo ya Turkey ndi madzi kumavulaza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha matenda a fungal chiwonjezeke. Madzi omwe amapezeka pamapods amachititsa kuti asamangoyamba kumene. Ndibwino kuti musamamwe madzi, koma mwachindunji nthaka, kupewa kupewa kupopera mankhwala kwa madontho. Pewani kuthira mtola wa Turkey nthawi yakucha pamene njira yachilengedwe yakufa ya zobiriwira imapezeka.
Turkey nandolo zamapiko - pamwamba kuvala
Anthu ambiri amakonda mapeyala, koma samaphunzira momwe angamere chomera, kudalira pa chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe. Kuopa feteleza sikuyenera kutero, feteleza bwino feteleza kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kuchita ntchitoyi kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, kuika mineral substances (superphosphate) mwachindunji m'nthaka, kapena panthawi ya kukula kwa nandolo (saltpetre).
Mlingo wa superphosphate pa mbewu yomwe wapatsidwa ndi 30-40 g pa 1 sq. M, ndi bwino kuwufotokozera m'dzinja pamene akumba nthaka. Mu gawo loyamba la chitukuko, nandolo zimafuna nayitrogeni, zomwe ziri zophweka kupereka kwa mizu mothandizidwa ndi saltpetre. Zovala zapamwamba zimapangidwa pamene zimamera kufika msinkhu wa masentimita 5-8 pamtunda wa 10-15 g pa ndowa. Nitragin yokonzekera pamaziko a mabakiteriya a nodules, omwe amachulukitsa zokolola za zomera zowoneka bwino, analandira ndemanga zabwino.
Mitedza ya Turkey - chisamaliro
Chikhalidwe ichi chimapanga tchire tating'ono (50-60 cm), koma sanagone pa nthaka ndipo samapotoza ngati nandolo. Choopsa chachikulu cha mtola wa Turkey ndi osatha namsongole, omwe amawonongedwa ndi weeding. Nkhumba za Turkey zimakhala bwino pa dothi lonse kupatula katundu wolemera, mvula, ndi madzi ochepa. Ndikofunika kuyesetsa kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro oyambirira, pamene udakali ndi dothi lodzaza ndi nyemba, zimafuna kuti mbeu zizikhala bwino komanso zogwirizana.
Kuwonekera kwa mphukira mofulumira kumapangitsa kuti dziko lisunge pakatha kufesa. Ngati dothi lakhala likuphimba, ndipo mphukira zisanamveke, ndiye modzichepetsa mutulutse nthaka. Ndibwino kuti dziko lapansi likhale loyera kumsongole. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakhalapo, kubzala, ndi kusamalira kumalo otseguka kumawoneka ndi manja.
Kulima nkhuku - matenda ndi tizirombo
Pali mavuto atatu omwe akudikirira munthu amene akufuna kukula mu nkhalango ya Turkey:
- Chophika cha kakoti - butterfly brownish-chikasu, atayika masamba a mazira. Mwa iwo amawoneka mbozi yobiriwira ya chikasu mpaka 50 mm kutalika, kudya timapepala ta nyemba ndi nyemba.
- Nkhuni ntchentche - tizilombo, tiyika mazira pa mphukira za nandolo. Kuwoneka mphutsi kumapanga masamba m'mamasamba, mtundu wobiriwira wa zomera umatembenuka chikasu, umafa, zokolola zimachepa.
- Ascochitis ndi matenda omwe amakhudza nkhuku mumvula yamvula. Zikuwoneka ngati mawanga a chikasu pamasamba ndipo zimayambira. Odwala nyemba sizikula, mbewu zimasowa maonekedwe ndi kumera.
Kulimbana ndi tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito Karate, Zolon, Decis , Actellik , Inta-VIR. Kuwonjezera pa tizilombo tolimba, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Aktofit, fumbi la fodya, ndi phulusa. Ascohitosis imatsutsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 1% yothetsera sulfure, ndi kufesedwa mitundu yosagonjetsedwa. Ndibwino kuti musamange nandolo ya Turkey ku malo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, kupanga nthawi ya zaka 3-4.