Chifuwa cha TB ndi chimodzi mwa matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda zizindikiro. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti wodwala matendawa, mycobacterium TB, kwa nthawi yaitali alibe chowopsa pa thupi laumunthu, akukhazikitsa dongosolo lake lotsekedwa. Zotsatira zake, zigawo za mabakiteriya zimakula pang'onopang'ono, koma kuchotsa izo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Chiwalo chokhudzidwacho sichitha kubwezeretsedwa.
Kodi ndi liti pamene mukufunika kuyesa magazi kuti ndipeze magazi a mycobacterium TB?
Pakalipano, asayansi amadziwa mitundu yoposa 20 ya Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa anthu limaimiridwa ndi M. tuberculosis, womwewo wa Koch. Ndibakiteriya iyi yomwe imayambitsa matenda m'matenda 90%. Anthu a ku Africa ndi Asia amakhalanso ndi kachilombo koyambitsa mabakiteriya a M. bovis ndi mitundu ya africanum, yomwe imapezeka m'madera otentha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timalembedwa mu 5% ndi 3% pa milandu. Otsalira 2% otsala amalandira chifuwa chachikulu kuchokera ku mycobacteria ya mitundu yofanana:
- M. microti;
- M. pinnipedii;
- M. caprae et al.
Amatha kukhala ndi thupi limodzi ndi nyama zina zonse. Ndicho chifukwa mkaka wofiira, magazi kapena nyama nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda. Mabakiteriya onsewa ndi ma prokaryotes, chifukwa cha majini awo omwe amatha kusintha machitidwe a antibiotics.
Onetsetsani kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mankhwala umene ungakhale wogwira mtima pazochitika zinazake, zitha kukhalapo zokha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium monga chimodzi mwazinthu zowonjezereka - mumatope angakhale ndi moyo zaka zambiri, sagwirizana ndi mowa komanso kutentha.
Kusanthula kwa mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu kungathe kukhazikitsidwa pa njira zingapo:
- kudziwika kwa ma antibodies kwa MBT mu magazi a munthu;
- kudziwika kwa khungu kowopsa kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za MBT;
- Mayeso a Mantoux pokhalapo ma maselo a tuberculin m'thupi;
- Kusanthula kafukufuku wamatenda chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa MBT.
Kuyezetsa magazi ndi koyenera kwambiri, ndipo pali njira zamakono zosiyana siyana zomwe zimakhudza zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za madokotala - malingana ndi malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda.
Zida za mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu
Kukaniza kwa MBT ku ma antibayotiki kungagonjetsedwe ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala amphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha 3 mpaka 5 akhoza kutchulidwa, omwe amaloledwa pambuyo pa nthawi inayake ndi ena. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze mankhwala oyenera kwambiri ndikumanga chithandizo chamankhwala kuzungulira.