Chiphunzitso chachinsinsi chiripo mu zipembedzo zonse za dziko lapansi, ziphunzitso zafilosofi. Maganizo a munthu wakale anali okhudzana ndi mphamvu ya chirengedwe ndi kugwirizana nawo. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso, anthu akhala oganiza bwino, koma chikhulupiliro cha khalidwe laumulungu sichingasinthe.
Kodi zamizimu zimatanthauza chiyani?
Tanthauzo la liwu lophiphiritsira limachokera ku Chigiriki chakale μυστικός - zodabwitsa - malingaliro apadera a dziko lapansi ndi malingaliro opangidwa ndi malingaliro abwino, nzeru ndi maganizo. Intuition imachita mbali yofunikira mu njira yeniyeni yolingalira dziko lapansi, zomwe zimabisika. Zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi malingaliro ndi chifukwa ndi zomveka kwa kulingalira kosaganizira, zochokera kumverera. Chiphunzitso chachinsinsi monga chiphunzitso chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi filosofi ndi zipembedzo.
Mysticism mufilosofi
Mysticism mu filosofi ndiyi yomwe inayamba kuchokera m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. ku Ulaya. O. Spengler (German historiosophist) anafotokoza zifukwa ziwiri zomwe anthu adakhalira okhudzidwa ndi njira zachipembedzo zodziwa okha ndi Mulungu:
- mavuto a chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya, atatopa;
- kuwonjezereka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe pakati pa Kumadzulo ndi Kum'maŵa, dziko lonse lakummawa linali lachikondwerero cha Azungu omwe akufuna "masomphenya atsopano."
Mafilosofi - zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chachikhristu ndi miyambo ya kummawa - cholinga chake ndicho kuyenda kwa munthu kumulungu ndi kugwirizana ndi Absolute (Cosmic Consciousness, Brahman, Shiva), amaphunzira kutanthawuza tanthauzo lonse kwa anthu onse: kukhala, moyo wabwino, chimwemwe. Mu Russia, filosofi yafilosofi inayamba muzaka za makumi awiri. Malangizo otchuka kwambiri:
- Theosophy - E.A. Blavatsky.
- Makhalidwe Abwino - A.K. E ndi A.A. The Roerichs.
- Russian zowona (zochokera ku Zen Buddhism) - G.I. Gurdjieff.
- Chiphunzitso cha mbiriyakale (maganizo achikhristu ndi a Vedic) - D.L. Andreev.
- Filosofi yachinsinsi ya Solovyov (chodabwitsa cha filosofi ya Gnostic Soul ya World - Sophia).
Jung ndi Psychology of Mysticism
Karl Gustav Jung, wofufuza za maganizo a ku Swiss, mmodzi mwa anthu ovuta kwambiri komanso osangalatsa a psychoanalysts m'nthaŵi yake, wophunzira wa Z. Freud, yemwe anayambitsa chidziwitso cha maganizo , anatsegulira lingaliro la "zopanda nzeru" kudziko. Iye amalingaliridwa ngati wamatsenga osati wongoganizira zamaganizo. Chisangalalo cha chiphunzitso cha K. Jung chinayamba ndichinyamatayo ndikuyenda moyo wake wonse. Ndizodabwitsa kuti makolo akale a maganizo, adati - adali ndi luso lapadera: anamva ndi kuona mizimu.
Jung anali wosiyana ndi akatswiri ena odziwa maganizo a zaumoyo chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti analibe kanthu ndipo iyeyo anali wofufuza. Katswiri wa zamaganizo anayesa kupeza mgwirizano pakati pa zinsinsi ndi zenizeni, kuti afotokoze zozizwitsa zapadera za psyche-zonsezi zomwe ankaona kuti n'zodziwika bwino. Kufikira zosamvetsetseka, Mulungu kudzera mu zochitika zodziwika (kuphatikiza) - kuchokera ku K. Jung anathandiza munthu amene akudwala matenda a ubongo kuti adziritse machiritso a psychotrauma.
Zachikhulupiriro mu Buddhism
Zosokonezeka mu Buddhism zimadziwika kuti ndizomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi. Chirichonse - kuchokera kudziko lapansi, kwa anthu komanso amulungu - amakhala mu Divine Base, ndipo kunja kwake sikungakhaleko. Mwamuna, kuti agwirizane ndi Absolute, poyamba, kudzera muzochita za uzimu - kufunafuna kupeza zochitika zowoneka bwino, kuunikira ndikuzindikira kuti "Ine" ndikulekanitsidwa ndi Mulungu. Malinga ndi a Buddhist - uwu ndi mtundu wa "boti lapamadzi", "kusambira kumbali inayo, kuswa pakalipano ndi kutaya mwachabechabe." Njira yogwirizanirana ikugwirizana ndi zinthu zitatu:
- Kugonjetsa malingaliro a maganizo: (kuyeretsedwa kwa kumva, kupenya, kulawa, kununkhiza, kugwira);
- kuthana ndi zolepheretsa kukhalapo kwa thupi (Buddha anakana kukhalapo kwa thupi);
- kufika pa umulungu.
Zosokonezeka mu Chikhristu
Chiphunzitso cha Orthodox chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi munthu wa Khristu ndipo chimapereka tanthauzo lalikulu pakutanthauzira malemba a Baibulo. Ntchito yaikulu imaperekedwa kwa anthu achipembedzo, popanda zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu ayandikire kwa Mulungu. Chiyanjano ndi Khristu ndicho cholinga cha kukhalapo kwaumunthu. Zokhulupirira zachikhristu zokhudzana ndi chikondi cha Mulungu zinafuna kusintha ("deification"), chifukwa cha ichi, Mkhristu woona aliyense ayenera kudutsa muzigawo zingapo:
- kuyeretsa ("kudziyeretsa" kwa thupi) - kusala, kudziletsa, kupemphera pa nthawi inayake, chifundo kuvutika;
- Kuunikiridwa - kumvetsetsa kwa Malemba Opatulika ndi choonadi chobisika mu mawonedwe achilengedwe;
- Kuyanjanitsa (Kuwerenga) - kudziwa za mtima wa chikondi chaumulungu: "Mulungu ndiye chikondi, amene akonda, akhala mwa Mulungu, ndi Mulungu mwa iye."
Maganizo a tchalitchi ku chikhristu chokhazikika nthawi zonse akhala ovuta, makamaka panthawi ya Khoti Lalikulu Loyera. Munthu amene anapulumuka chidziwitso chaumulungu chikhoza kukhala wopandukira ngati zochitika zake za uzimu zinali zosiyana ndi chiphunzitso cha tchalitchi chovomerezeka. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu adagwiritsa ntchito mavumbulutsi awo, ndipo izi zinayimitsa chiphunzitso chachikhristu kuti chikhale chitukuko.
Mysticism ndi njira yodziwira
Zolemba zamatsenga ndi zamaganizo ndizozimene zimaperekedwa kwa munthu yemwe adakumana ndi munthu wosadziwika bwino, wodalirika komanso amene wasankha kuyamba kuphunzira dziko lino mwachinyengo, kudalira maganizo ake ndi chidziwitso. Njira yachinsinsi ndikusankha miyambo ya uzimu, komanso mu maphunziro a kulingalira kwachinsinsi:
- chikhulupiriro chakuya mu miyambo, dongosolo, munthu wapamwamba;
- ubale pakati pa mkati ndi kunja, ndi zochitika, anthu ena;
- Dzikhulupirireni nokha: zochitika zakuya kwanu ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa zolembedwa m'mabuku;
- kupezeka pano ndi tsopano;
- funsani chirichonse;
- zizolowezi zauzimu ndi kusinkhasinkha, njira zakupuma - zipangizo pa njira yosamvetsetseka ya kuzindikira.
Zachikhulupiriro ndi Zamatsenga
Zolemba zamatsenga ndi zamatsenga ndizogwirizana kwambiri, ngati zinsinsi zatsimikiza kudzipereka yekha ku sayansi zamatsenga. Mysticism ndi kulingalira kwambiri ndi kuvomereza, ndipo zamatsenga ndi ntchito yothandiza yogwiritsa ntchito zamatsenga pokopa dziko. Sayansi yamatsenga imakhala ndi chophimba cha chinsinsi ndipo imasonyeza mtundu wina wa chiyambi chachinsinsi kumatsenga kumidzi yokhotakhota. Mabungwe osamvetsetseka kwambiri:
- "Lamulo la Rose ndi Mtanda" (Rosicrucians) - linakhazikitsidwa mu 1600;
- "Golden Dawn" - dongosolo la zamatsenga la zaka za XIX;
- Masonic malo ogona. Masons kapena "freemasons" amatembenukira kwa Mulungu monga "Wopanga Zapamwamba Zapadziko Zonse".
Zamakono zamakono
Chiphunzitso cha sayansi ndi sayansi chimagwirizana ndi mfundo yodziwika bwino, koma ngati wasayansi angatsimikizire "chidziwitso" chake mwachindunji chowonekera, ndiye kuti zinsinsi zimatanthawuza zochitika zake zomwe sizikuwoneka kapena kukhudza. Uku ndiko kutsutsana pakati pa sayansi ndi zamaganizo. Mfundo zamakono zamakono zimachokera ku malingaliro, zomwe zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, koma zimakhala zamalonda zamalonda, zomwe zimaganizira zofuna za anthu. Popanda kuchoka panyumba, munthu akhoza "kupyolera muyeso", "kukopa munthu wokondedwa", "chuma".